UMAYYAD OF SPAIN: 'Abd al-Rahman I, 756-788, AR dirham (2.65g), al-Andalus, AH163, A-339, nice strike, choice Very Fine.

UMAYYAD OF SPAIN: al-Hakam I, 796-822, AR dirham (2.66g), al-Andalus, AH198, A-341, superb even strike, beautiful iridescence, very rare in this quality, lovely Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, R.

UMAYYAD OF SPAIN: al-Hakam I, 796-822, AR dirham (2.60g), al-Andalus, AH195, A-341, lovely strike, choice Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

UMAYYAD OF SPAIN: Muhammad I, 852-886, AR dirham (2.60g), al-Andalus, AH245, A-343, excellent strike with minor weakness, bold mint & date, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

HAMMUDID OF MÁLAGA: al-Mu'tali Yahya, 1021-1035, AR dirham (2.81g), Madinat Sabta (Ceuta), AH[4]17, A-367.1, VyE-762, citing the heir-apparent Idris, no governor, Very Fine, RR, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ABBADID OF SEVILLE: al-Mu'tamid Muhammad, 1069-1091, AV fractional dinar (1.55g), NM, ND, A-403A, V&E-978, citing his son & heir al-Rashid above the obverse field (thus struck AH470-484, but always undated), Extremely Fine, RR.

ABBADID OF SEVILLE: al-Mu'tamid Muhammad, 1069-1091, AV fractional dinar (1.05g), NM, ND, A-403A, citing the hajib al-Rashid (AH470-484), fleur-de-lys below reverse, lovely Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

CóRDOBA: Anonymous, ca. 1148-1149, AV dinar (4.10g), Madinat Qurtuba (Córdoba), AH542, A-C407, H-446, issued under the authority of Yahya b. Ghaniya, superb strike, choice Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, RRR. Inscribed Allahumma urhum umara' al-muslimin bani tashufin, "O God, have mercy on the commanders of the Muslims, sons of Tashufin."

NASRID OF GRANADA: Muhammad IX, four reigns between 1419 and 1453, AV dinar (4.62g), Gharnata (Granada), ND, A-412, Rod-Lor-20, pentagram mark at left top corner of the reverse field, Extremely Fine, RR.

KHARIJITE: Khalaf b. al-Muda', 791-792, AR dirham (2.55g), Tudgha, AH175, A-430, with undetermined name or abbeviation in minuscule letters at 12h in reverse margin, partly obliterated by long die break, Very Fine.

AGHLABID: Ibrahim I, 800-811, AR dirham (2.67g), Ifriqiya, AH196, A-435.4, citing Isma'il in obverse center, decent strike, unpublished and of extreme rarity, Fine to Very Fine, RRR.

AGHLABID: 'Abd Allah I, 811-816, AR dirham (2.73g), Ifriqiya, AH200, A-B438, with bakh bakh in obverse center, very clear mint & date, lovely Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RRR.

AGHLABID: 'Abd Allah I, 811-816, AR dirham (2.56g), Ifriqiya, AH201, A-B438, with annulet in obverse center, clear mint & date, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RRR.

AGHLABID: 'Abd Allah I, 811-816, AR dirham (2.83g), Ifriqiya, AH196, A-B438, slight weakness, clear date, attractive example, Very Fine, RRR.

AGHLABID: Ziyadat Allah I, 816-837, AV dinar (4.18g), NM, AH220, A-438, citing Masrur below obverse, pleasant Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

AGHLABID: Muhammad I, 840-856, AV dinar (4.20g), NM, AH241, A-443, with some graffiti in reverse field, including what resembles Greek letter S, About Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

AGHLABID: Ahmad, 856-863, AV dinar (4.25g), NM, AH248, A-444, citing the official Dadi, perhaps the mintmaster, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

AGHLABID: Muhammad II, 864-874, AV dinar (4.15g), NM, AH255, A-446, lovely Very Fine.

AGHLABID: Ziyadat Allah III, 903-908, AV dinar (4.02g), NM (as always), AH290, A-452, Fine, R. Although Ziyadat Allah III ruled for nearly six years, his coins are remarkably rare.

MIDRARID: al-Shakir, 933-958, AV dinar (4.17g), NM , AH336, A-453, with his full name Muhammad b. al-Fath, broad flan, scratch in reverse margin, Extremely Fine, R.

MIDRARID: al-Shakir, 933-958, AV dinar (4.17g), NM , AH337, A-453, with his full name Muhammad b. al-Fath, bold strike, Extremely Fine, R.

MIDRARID: al-Shakir, 933-958, AV dinar (4.18g), NM, AH337, A-453, with his title al-imam al-shakir lillah in the reverse field, strong Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R. Although Midrarid dinars never bear a mint name, it is presumed that all were struck at Sijilmasa, now in Morocco, not far from the Algerian border.

MIDRARID: al-Shakir, 933-958, AV dinar (3.55g), NM , AH33x, A-453, with patronymic, ibn al-fath, lightly crinkled, fully legible except for the last digit of the date, Fine, R.

MIDRARID: al-Shakir, 933-958, AV dinar (4.11g), NM , AH340, A-453, with his full name Muhammad b. al-Fath, broad flan, lovely strike, interesting die-breaks on obverse, Extremely Fine, R.

ALMORAVID: 'Ali, 1106-1142, AV dinar (4.09g), Ishbiliya (Sevilla), AH521, A-466.1, H-220, citing the name Yasir (mintmaster?) beneath the reverse field, bold Extremely Fine, R. The engraver accidentally omitted the last two letters of 'ashrin for "twenty".

ALMORAVID: 'Ali, 1106-1142, AV dinar (4.01g), Mursiya (Murcia), AH505, A-466.1, H-268, elegant calligraphy, far more artistic that most dinars of 'Ali b. Yusuf, choice Very Fine, R.

ALMORAVID: 'Ali, 1106-1142, AV dinar (4.17g), al-Mariya (Almería), AH533, A-466.3, superb strike for this mint, choice About Uncirculated, R. Because the calligraphic style at al-Mariya in the 530s was rough, the engraved punched three dots above the first and second "th" of thalath, so that the reading of the date as 533 would be secure.

ALMORAVID: 'Ali, 1106-1142, AV dinar (4.14g), Fas (Fèz), AH535, A-466.3, superb strike, choice Extremely Fine. Dinars of Fèz dated AH535-536 exhibit the finest Arabic calligraphy found on the Islamic coins of Spain and North Africa before the introduction of machine-struck coins in the late 19th century.

ALMOHAD: Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Mu'min, 1130-1163, AV ½ dinar (2.27g), Ishbiliya (Seville), ND, A-478, attractive Very Fine, RR.

MERINID: Abu Yahya Abu Bakr, 1244-1258, AV dinar (4.38g), NM, ND, A-520, some weakness, late style, probably struck several decades after Abu Bakr's death, Fine.

MERINID: Abu Ya'qub Yusuf, 1286-1307, AV dinar (4.64g), Madinat Sabta (Ceuta), ND, A-524, H-716, full bold strike, choice Extremely Fine, R.

MERINID: Abu Faris 'Abd al-'Aziz II, 1393-1396, AV dinar (4.65g), Madinat Fèz, ND, A-540.2, Hafsid style, small flan crack near the edge, lovely strike, Extremely Fine.

MERINID: Abu Sa'id 'Uthman III, 1398-1420, AV dinar (4.64g), Madinat Azzamur, ND, A-545, H-—, wonderful strike for this type, apparently unpublished, attractive Extremely Fine, RRR. No full dinars of Azzamur for this reign have been published. A group of about a dozen ½ dinars and a few ¼ dinars of this ruler struck at Azzamur were discovered in the 1990s. The hoard was acquired by the University of Tübingen. There were no full dinars of any mint in that hoard. This is also the last reign during which a mint operated at Azzamur.

ALAWI SHARIF: Sulayman, 1793-1822, AE 4 fals (15.62g), NM, ND, A-628, E-660, flower within octogram / hexagram (seal of Solomon), anepigraphic, lovely Very Fine, RRR. Eustache reported only one known specimen, then in the Thau collection in France.

ALAWI SHARIF: Sulayman, 1793-1822, AE 2 fals (9.82g), Tetuan, AH1208, A-630, E-553, lovely casting, unusually heavy for this denomination, Very Fine, R.

TULUNID: Ahmad b. Tulun, 868-884, AV dinar (3.90g), Misr, AH268, A-661, citing the caliph al-Mu'tamid & the western heir al-Mufawwidh, Very Fine.

TULUNID: Khumarawayh, 884-896, AV dinar (4.13g), Misr, AH282, A-664, lovely strike, Extremely Fine.

TULUNID: Khumarawayh, 884-896, AV dinar (4.03g), Misr, AH272, A-664.1, citing the caliph al-Mu'tamid & his western heir al-Mufawwidh, incredible strike, should be slabbed, superb About Uncirculated.

TULUNID: Harun, 896-905, AV dinar (3.94g), Misr, AH291, A-667, bold strike, much original luster, choice About Uncirculated.

TULUNID: Harun, 896-905, AV dinar (4.04g), Misr, AH288, A-667, bold strike, choice Extremely Fine.

IKHSHIDID: Abu'l-Qasim, 946-961, AV dinar (4.36g), Filastin, AH337, A-676, bold strike, much original luster, choice About Uncirculated.

IKHSHIDID: Abu'l-Qasim, 946-961, AV dinar (4.02g), Misr, AH344, A-676, bold strike, choice About Uncirculated, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection. Probably from the large Ikhshidid hoard terminating with AH345 found in the 1950s.

IKHSHIDID: Abu'l-Qasim, 946-961, AV dinar (2.85g), Filastin, AH345, A-676, Fine to Very Fine.

IKHSHIDID: Abu'l-Qasim, 946-961, AV dinar (4.28g), Filastin, AH346, A-676, Arabic K below obverse field, Fine, R.

IKHSHIDID: Ahmad b. 'Ali, 968-969, AR dirham (3.71g), Filastin, AH358, A-683, some weakness, but overall an above average strike, Fine to Very Fine, RR. Citing the local governor of Tabariya, al-Husayn b. 'Ubayd Allah, whose name also appears on some of the early Qarmatid (Qaramita) dirhams after their conquest over the Ikhshidids.

QARMATID: Abu Mansur al-Mu'izzi, 975-978, AR dirham (4.15g), Dim(ashq), AH367, A-687, citing him as just Abu Mansur al-Mu'izzi with title al-sadah, but without naming any overlord (except the Abbasid caliph al-Ta'i'), much weakness, very clear date, Fine, R.

FATIMID: al-Mahdi, 909-934, AV dinar (4.22g), al-Qayrawan, AH3xx, A-688, Nicol-33/35, very nice obverse, weakly struck reverse, Fine to Very Fine, R. Small crescent below obverse field, used only AH305-307 at al-Qayrawan.

FATIMID: al-Qa'im, 934-946, AR ½ dirham (1.43g), al-Mahdiya, AH32x, A-693, lovely Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.07g), al-Mansuriya, AH355, A-697, Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.02g), Misr, AH359, A-697.1, Nicol-350, nice Fine, S, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection. Most known dinars of Misr 359 also bear a month, most commonly Sha'ban.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.10g), Misr, AH360, A-697.1, Nicol-357, month of al-Muharram, very lightly crimped, fully legible, Fine to Very Fine, S, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (3.81g), al-Mansuriya, AH360, A-697.1, Nicol-418, Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.16g), Misr, AH364, A-697.1, nice Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.09g), Misr, AH364, A-697.1, Nicol-370, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (3.96g), al-Mahdiya, AH365, A-697.1, Nicol-481, About Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.12g), Misr, AH365, A-697.1, Nicol-371, without bi- before the mint name Misr, Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR ½ dirham (1.31g), MM, DM, A-699, struck from broad dies on a thick narrow flan, About Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AV dinar (4.09g), al-Mahdiya, AH366, A-703, Nicol-823, superb strike, one of the finest coins I've seen of al-'Aziz, lovely About Uncirculated, R.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AV dinar (3.97g), Misr, AH366, A-703, Fine to Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AV dinar (4.16g), Filastin, AH378, A-703, Nicol-679, lovely strike, almost perfectly centered, choice Very Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AV dinar (4.09g), al-Mansuriya, AH380, A-703, Nicol-761, Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR braod dirham (2.54g), Sur, AH(369), A-W705, Nicol-612 (same obverse die), date confirmed by die-link, Fine to Very Fine, RR.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV dinar (4.15g), Misr, AH388, A-709.2, Nicol-1074, decent calligraphy, Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV dinar (4.11g), al-Mansuriya, AH398, A-709.2, Nicol-1143, clear mint & date, though rather sloppily engraved, Fine to Very Fine, R. Crudely engraved, as was the norm of virtually all of the later dates of type 709.2 (ca. 392-401), presumably the result of an increasingly incompetent engraver, replaced by a master engraver in 402.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV dinar (4.02g), Misr, AH407, A-709A, citing also the heir-apparent 'Abd al-Rahman, a cousin of al-Kamil, very minimally crinkled, lovely strike, choice Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.07g), al-Mansuriya, AH[4]35, A-719.1, Nicol-2197, same obverse die as the specimen of type #2197 illustrated by Nicol., Extremely Fine, R. Without sana before the date!

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.88g), Filastin, AH436, A-719.1, Nicol-2065, small area of light double-striking on reverse (not important), lovely obverse with full bold mint, date and all other text, choice Very Fine, R.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.91g), Tarabulus, AH437, A-719.1, Nicol-1990, superb strike, lovely About Uncirculated.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.20g), Misr, AH440, A-719A, lovely Extremely Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.16g), Misr, AH442, A-719A, Nicol-2124, bold strike, choice Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.11g), Misr, AH457, A-719A, Nicol-2141, very lightly crinkled, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.11g), Misr, AH461, A-719A, Nicol-2146, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.22g), Tarabulus, AH439, A-719.2, Nicol-1993, with addition titulature 'abd Allah wa walihi, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.18g), Sur, AH449, A-719.2, Nicol-1928, lovely strike, choice Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.90g), 'Akka, AH464, A-719.2, Nicol-2025 (type J2), choice Extremely Fine, RR, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.18g), al-Iskandariya, AH465, A-719.2, Niocl-1667, bold strike, attractive Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.05g), al-Iskandariya, AH482, A-719.2, Niocl-1689, mint name written as al-iskandiya without the R, careless engraver who may have confused the D and following R, minor doubling in margins (not affecting the mint name or date), About Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.03g), Sur (Tyre), AH454, A-719.3, Nicol-1933, lovely Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV ¼ dinar (1.26g), NM, ND, A-721, cf. Nicol-2256 for same calligraphy and arrangement, Extremely Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV ¼ dinar (0.93g), Siqilliya, AH430, A-721, nice strike, full marginal legend on the obverse (with date & mint, the important side), pleasing Very Fine, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, Glass jeton (5.79g), ND, A-724, B-262, turquoise blue, opaque, with gold-colored occlusion, 25mm, Very Fine.

FATIMID: al-Hafiz, 1131-1149, AV dinar (4.51g), Misr, AH540, A-735.3, with his personal name 'Abd al-Majid in the obverse center, Fine.

FATIMID: al-Fa'iz, 1154-1160, AV dinar (4.49g), Misr, AH554, A-741, Nicol-2679, with his personal name 'Isa in the obverse center, lovely Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RR. Nicol knew of only one specimen of this year; all dinars of al-Fa'iz are at least rare.

FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, ca. 12th century, glass jeton (3.07g), A-746G, 4-line "inscription", milky greenish-white, opaque, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

CRUSADERS: in the name of al-âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130, AV bezant (4.37g), "Misr", AH"495", A-730, early Crusader imitation, quite legible on the obverse, completely blundered on the reverse, appears to be unpublished, Extremely Fine, RRR. AH495 was the first year of reign of al-âmir. This type may be dated to the 2nd quarter of the 12th century AD. No example like this is noted by Gordus & Metcalf in the article on Crusader gold in the MPS catalog.

CRUSADERS of Acre: "al-âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130," AV bezant (3.80g), "Misr", ND, A-730, Ma-4, struck at Acre, circa 1160s-1180s, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

CRUSADERS of Acre: "al-âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130," AV bezant (3.77g), "Misr" (blundered), ND, A-730, Ma-4, struck at Acre, circa 1170s-1180s, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

CRUSADERS of Acre: in the name of al-âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130, AV bezant (3.64g), "Misr", ND, A-730, Ma-5, strong strike, completely blundered mint & date, Extremely Fine.

CRUSADERS of Acre: "al-âmir al-Mansur", circa 1200, AV bezant (3.51g), "Misr", ND, A-730, imitation of the standard dinar of al-âmir, middle-period, Very Fine.

HAMDANID: Nasir al-Dawla & Sayf al-Dawla, 942-967, AR dirham (3.51g), Nasibin, AH355, A-748, inscribed muzaffar (victorious) and haraq ("pure," for the silver), superb strike, beautifully centered, Extremely Fine, R.

MIRDASID: Asad al-Dawla Salih, 1023-1029, AV dinar (4.15g), Halab, AH417, A-N766, Nicol-—, citing the Fatimid caliph al-Zahir, nice strike, probably unique, Very Fine, RRRR, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection. The obverse is similar to Nicol-1393 (his type H6a), also dated AH417, but without the word madina before the mint name Halab and with the word mufakhkhamuha instead of muqarruha in the middle text. The reverse is also similar to Nicol-1393, without the last four word of al-mu'minin in the inner text, but also without Allah in the center. The obverse refers to the ruler as al-amir asad al-dawla abu 'ali salih bin mirdas, with the last word scrunched together, as the engraver failed to leave enough space for the full word. The reverse cites the Fatimid caliph and the heir to the Mirdasid throne, as al-amir abu 'ulwan thamal bin asad al-dawla.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf I (Saladin), 1169-1193, AV dinar (4.32g), al-Qahira, AH583, A-785.2, lightly creased, Very Fine.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf I (Saladin), 1169-1193, AR dirham (2.99g), Hims, AH580, A-787.2, very clear mint & date, nice strike, Very Fine, RRR, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection. Balog knew only of dirhams of Hims in the name of Saladin dated 577 and 578.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf I (Saladin), 1169-1193, AR dirham (2.92g), Hamah, AH583, A-787.2, very clear mint & date, Very Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

AYYUBID: (Saladin), 1169-1193, AR ½ dirham (1.47g), Hims, DM, A-789, B-123 variant, crude Extremely Fine, RR.

AYYUBID: (Saladin), 1169-1193, AR ½ dirham (1.50g), Hamah, AH[58]3, A-789, B-115, only the last digit of the date engraved on die, Extremely Fine, RR.

AYYUBID: (Saladin), 1169-1193, AR ½ dirham, MM, AH584, A-789 variant, struck with dirham dies, crude Very Fine, RRR.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf I (Saladin), 1169-1193, AR ½ dirham (1.34g), Halab, AH580, A-789A, date somewhat coarsely engraved in minuscule letters, excellent strike without any weakness, Very Fine, RR.

AYYUBID: (Saladin), 1169-1193, AE dirham (11.59g), NM, AH583, A-791.2, B-177, constellation of the Lion, full clear inscriptions, including the date, unusually well-centered bold strike, choice Very Fine, R. Although always without mint name, this type was presumably struck only at Mayyafariqin.

AYYUBID: al-Zahir Ghazi, 1186-1216, AR dirham (3.00g), Halab, AH593, A-834.2, citing al-'Aziz 'Uthman as overlord, beautiful strike, About Uncirculated, R.

AYYUBID: al-Zahir Ghazi, 1186-1216, AR dirham (3.00g), Halab, AH593, A-834.2, citing al-'Aziz 'Uthman as overlord, beautiful strike, About Uncirculated, R.

AYYUBID: al-Zahir Ghazi, 1186-1216, AR dirham (2.98g), Halab, AH595, A-834.3, without overlord, 2nd independence series, beautiful strike, minor weakness near rim, trace of luster, About Uncirculated, R.

AYYUBID: al-Zahir Ghazi, 1186-1216, AR dirham (2.97g), Halab, AH595, A-834.5, Nicol-A592, citing al-Afdal 'Ali as overlord, on the obverse, above the name & title of al-Zahir Ghazi, minor double-striking on the reverse, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, RRR.

AYYUBID: al-Zahir Ghazi, 1186-1216, AR ½ dirham (1.50g), Halab, AH600, A-835.3, fully clear mint & date, lovely Extremely Fine, R.

AYYUBID: al-Zahir Ghazi, 1186-1216, AR ½ dirham (1.49g), Halab, AH608, A-835.3, fully clear mint & date, almost perfectly centered, not a trace of weakness, lovely Very Fine, R.

AYYUBID: 'Uthman, 1193-1198, AV dinar (4.15g), al-Iskandariya, AH593, A-794, clear date, Very Fine.

AYYUBID: Abu Bakr I, 1196-1218, AV dinar (3.50g), al-Iskandariya, AH606, A-801.1, very clear date & mint, Extremely Fine.

AYYUBID: Abu Bakr I, 1196-1218, AV dinar (4.85g), al-Iskandariya, AH613, A-801.2, Extremely Fine.

AYYUBID: Abu Bakr I, 1196-1218, AV dinar (4.99g), al-Iskandariya, AH(6)14, A-801.2, some weakness, decent strike overall, Very Fine.

AYYUBID: Abu Bakr I, 1196-1218, AR dirham (2.90g), Harran, AH597, A-805, very rare mint for Ayyubid silver, choice Extremely Fine, RR.

AYYUBID: al-Ashraf Musa, 1210-1220, AE dirham (10.82g), Mayyafariqin, AH612, A-859.1, overstruck on type #856.2 of al-Awhad Ayyub, lovely strike, very clear mint & date, choice Very Fine.

AYYUBID: al-Kamil Muhammad I, 1218-1238, AV dinar (5.06g), al-Iskandariya, AH633, A-811.3, clear mint & date, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

AYYUBID: al-Kamil Muhammad I, 1218-1238, AR ½ dirham (1.49g), Dimashq, AH615, A-814.1, superb strike, full marginal inscriptions, Extremely Fine, R.

AYYUBID: al-Muzaffar Mahmud, 1228-1244, AE fals (1.62g), NM, ND, A-853, citing al-Muzaffar on obverse, his overlord al-Nasir II of Aleppo on reverse, nice strike, Very Fine, RR.

MAMLUK: Anonymous, ca. 15th-16th century, bronze weight (5.87g), weight for two dirhams, with unread name on both front and back, design around all four sides, Very Fine. Two pellets on the front indicate the use for the weight of two dirhams. Possibly early Ottoman.

BAHRI MAMLUK: Qala'un, 1279-1290, AV dinar (7.52g), Dimashq, AH68x, A-893, mint name above obverse field, rather heavily cleaned, nice strike, About Very Fine.

BURJI MAMLUK: Barquq, 1382-1389 & 1390-1399, AV dinar (7.09g), Halab, DM, A-972, about 25% flat, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated.

BURJI MAMLUK: Faraj, 1399-1405 & 4016-1412, AV dinar (8.51g), al-Qahira, AH8xx, A-977, slight weakness at the rim, Extremely Fine.

BURJI MAMLUK: al-Musta'in, 1412, AV bunduqi (3.16g) (Dimashq), ND, A-984.2, B-672var, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RR, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection. This type normally has the date just below the reverse, but the tops of the letters visible on this piece cannot belong to a date, and remain undeciphered. Trace of mint name visible at the top of the reverse.

BURJI MAMLUK: Barsbay, 1422-1438, AV ashrafi (3.40g), al-Qahira, ND, A-998, slight touch of weakness, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Barsbay, 1422-1438, AV dinar (3.37g), MM, AH(8)41, A-998, clear date, nice Very Fine.

BURJI MAMLUK: Barsbay, 1422-1438, AV ashrafi (3.41g), ND, A-998, probably once in a bezel or other similar jewelry, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Barsbay, 1422-1438, AV ashrafi (3.41g), al-Qahira, ND, A-998, slight touch of weakness, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Jaqmaq, 1438-1453, AV ashrafi (3.36g), NM, ND, A-1006, cables left, lovely Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Jaqmaq, 1438-1453, AV dinar (3.38g), al-Qahira, ND, A-1006, Fine to Very Fine.

BURJI MAMLUK: Aynal, 1453-1461, AV ashrafi (3.40g), NM, ND, A-1012, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Aynal, 1453-1461, AV ashrafi (3.39g), al-Qahira, ND, A-1012, cables to the left, lovely Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Khushqadam, 1461-1467, AV dinar (3.40g), NM, ND, A-1019, probably ex-jewelry, scruffy Fine to Very Fine.

BURJI MAMLUK: Qa'itbay, 1468-1496, AV ashrafi (3.41g), mint uncertain, ND, A-1027, cables left, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Qa'itbay, 1468-1496, AV ashrafi (3.40g), NM, ND, A-1027, cable facing left as line dividers, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Qa'itbay, 1468-1496, AV ashrafi (3.36g), Halab, ND, A-1027, entwined ropes as dividers, mint name boldly clear atop obverse, Very Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Qa'itbay, 1468-1496, AV ashrafi (3.41g), NM, ND, A-1027, B-807, floweret line dividers on both sides, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Qa'itbay, 1468-1496, AV ashrafi (3.39g), NM, ND, A-1027, B-814, cable facing right as line dividers, knot in center on obverse only, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Qansuh II al-Ghuri, 1501-1516, AV ashrafi (3.35g), Halab, ND, A-1041, B-874, cables to the left, mint name atop reverse, pleasing Very Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BURJI MAMLUK: Qansuh II al-Ghuri, 1501-1516, AV ashrafi (3.40g), Dimashq, AH918, A-1041, cable facing left as line dividers, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ABBASID OF YEMEN: al-Muqtadir, 908-932, AV "amiri" dinar (1.93g), San'a, AH316, A-1058.2, superb strike, one of the finest examples of this type known, choice About Uncirculated, R.

ABBASID OF YEMEN: al-Muti', 946-974, AR sudaysi (0.36g), Zabid, ND, A-B1064, nice strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RRR.

RASSID: al-Mahdi, the Fatimid caliph, 911-913, AR sudaysi (0.26g), Tukhla, ND, A-1067.1, the mint name has also been read as 'Aththar, but Tukhla is more likely, lovely strike, choice Extremely Fine, RR.

RASSID: Muhammad b. al-Qasim, ca. 912, AR sudaysi (0.33g), San'a, A-1067Q, lovely well-centered strike, choice Extremely Fine, RRR. It is now suggested that this type as issued by Muhammad b. al-Qasim b. al-Husayn, who ruled 1003-1013, who struck gold dinars at San'a in AH400. The final decision is under current research.

NAJJAHID: al-Fatik II, 1127-1137, AV dinar (1.90g), Zabid, AH520, A-C1075, clear mint & date, citing al-Fatik as al-malik al-ajall al-amir al-fatik, citing his father al-Mansur in the reverse margin, with text much more carefully engraved as usual, Very Fine, RRR. The dates of rule for al-Fatik II is listed as AH521-531 in the Checklist, but is now listed on Zeno as AH518-531 (1124-1137), which seems to be confirmed by this example.

SULAYHID: 'Ali b. Muhammad, 1047-1081, AV dinar (2.06g), "Zabid", AH"451", A-1075.3, Very Fine. These imitations may have been struck across the Red Sea in what is now Ethiopia or Eritrea, though most known specimens are said to have Yemeni rather than African provenance. Gold content probably less than 40%.

SULAYHID: 'Ali b. Muhammad, 1047-1081, AV ½ dinar (2.24g), "Zabid", AH"451", A-1075.3, heavily debased gold, struck at undetermined location, but probably not at Zabid itself, Very Fine.

SULAYHID: Queen 'Arwa bint Ahmad, 1091-1137, AV ½ dinar (0.94g), Dhu Jibla, AH[49]1, A-1078.1, very clear final digit of date, but the engraver neglected to leave room for the rest of the date, Extremely Fine.

SULAYHID: Queen 'Arwa bint Ahmad, 1091-1137, AV ½ dinar (1.21g), Dhu Jibla, ND, A-1078.1, lovely strike on broad flan, choice Extremely Fine.

AYYUBID OF YEMEN: al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1174-1180, AR dirham (1.86g), San'a, AH648, A-1087, some minor weakness in the centers, fully clear mint & date, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

AYYUBID OF YEMEN: al-Mu'izz Isma'il, as Imam, 1201-1202, AR dirham (2.12g), Ta'izz, AH597, A-1093, choice Extremely Fine, RR. Isma'il was assassinated for the audacity of declaring himself Imam. On coins of this type, he styles himself a member of the long-vanished Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-amawi).

RASULID: al-Muzaffar Yusuf, 1249-1295, AR dirham (1.87g), Hisn al-Jahili, AH663, A-1102, choice Extremely Fine, RR.

OTTOMANS IN YEMEN: Süleyman I, 1520-1566, AR 'uthmani (0.65g), San'a, AH926, A-1118, lovely bold strike, choice Very Fine, R.

ZANZIBAR / KILWA: in the name of al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.92g), "Tarabulus", ND, A-A1192, choice Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, RRR. Dinars of this type have been found in Madagascar and parts of Tanzania. The place of production is unknown, but Kilwa or Zanzibar are the most likely locations.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Sulayman II, 1196-1204, AR dirham (2.70g), Kayseri, AH596, A-1204, Izm-81, king on horseback, galloping right, star behind, floral ornament below, lovely Fine, RR, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Kaykhusraw II, 1236-1245, AR lion & sun dirham, Sivas, AH638, A-1218, slight weakness of strike, fully legible, choice Extremely Fine.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Kaykhusraw II, 1236-1245, AR dirham (2.93g), Sivas, AH639, A-1218, lion & sun, pleasing strike, Very Fine.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Kaykhusraw II, 1236-1245, AR lion & sun dirham, Konya, AH639, A-1218, lightly cleaned Very Fine.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Kaykhusraw II, 1236-1245, AR bilingual tram (2.92g), Sis, AH641, A-1221, lovely horse & rider, joint issue of Kaykhusraw & the Armenian king Hetoum I (1226-1271), obverse in Armenian, reverse in Arabic, lovely Extremely Fine, R.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Mas'ud II, 1280-1298, AR dirham, Ladik, AH(696), A-1234, Izm-1278 (same reverse die), usual weakness, Very Fine, RR.

DANISHMENDID at Malatya: Nasir al-Din Muhammad, 1162-1170 & 1175-1178, AE dirham (13.15g), NM, AH5(58), A-1241.1, investiture scene (two standing figures), dated 558 in Arabic words flanking the figures, about 40% flat strike, nice patina, Fine, R.

DANISHMENDID: Nasir al-Din Muhammad, 1162-1170 &1175-1178, AE dirham (5.93g), NM, ND, A-1241.2, mounted horseman lancing the serpent, much weakness, Fine to Very Fine, RR.

KARAMANID: Muhammad b. 'Ala al-Din, 1402-1419, AR dirham (1.92g), Konya, AH819, A-1270.2, Olcer-73, with al-manatu lillah in the reverse center, surrounded by the kalima, lovely strike, lovely Very Fine, RR.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Süleyman I, 1520-1566, AV sultani (3.45g), Halab, AH926, A-1317, superb strike, without a trace of weakness, choice Extremely Fine.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Süleyman I, 1520-1566, AV sultani (3.51g), Misr, AH926, A-1317, fabulous strike, very bold text, choice Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Süleyman I, 1520-1566, AV sultani (3.54g), Misr, AH926, A-1317, superb strike, especially on the obverse, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Murad III, 1574-1595, AV sultani (3.39g), Misr, AH982, A-1332.1, 8-point star in obverse center, Extremely Fine. Reverse inscription: darib al-nadr wa sahib al-'izz al-nasr fi'l-birr wa'l-bahr.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Murad III, 1574-1595, AV sultani (3.45g), Kostantiniye, AH982, A-1332.1, bold strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Ahmed I, 1603-1617, AV sultani (3.45g), Amid, AH1012, A-1347.1, choice Very Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Mehmet IV, 1648-1687, AV sultani (3.35g), Tarabalus Gharb, DM, A-1383N, KM-1. NP-449, 25% weakly struck, Extremely Fine, R.

ALGIERS: Ahmed III, 1703-1730, AV sultani (3.39g), al-Jaza'ir Ghab, AH1141, KM-16.1, lovely strike, perhaps the finest we have ever handled! Extremely Fine, RR.

ALGIERS: Mahmud I, 1730-1754, AV ¼ sultani (0.84g), Jaza'ir, AH1146, KM-18, nice even strike, Very Fine, RR.

ALGIERS: Mahmud I, 1730-1754, AV ½ sultani (1.69g), Jaza'ir, AH1158, KM-19, nice strike, pleasing Very Fine, RR.

EGYPT: Mustafa II, 1695-1703, AV jedid ashrafi (3.42g), Misr, AH1106, KM-63, About Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

EGYPT: Mahmud I, 1730-1754, AV zeri mahbub (2.60g), Misr, AH1143, KM-86, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

EGYPT: BI qirsh, AH1203 year 16, KM-138, small neat hole at 12:00, Fine, ex: R. Merlin Null Collection.

EGYPT: AE para, AH1223 year 29, KM-162, boldly struck, Very Fine, ex. R. Merlin Null Collection.

EGYPT: Mahmud II, 1808-1839, AV ½ zeri mahbub (1.04g), Misr, AH1223 year 8, KM-194, pierced and replugged with gold, Very Fine, RR.

EGYPT: AR 2½ qirsh, Misr, AH1277 year 4, KM-251, Y-8, a superb example with lovely original cabinet toning, NGC graded MS-65.

EGYPT: Abdul Aziz, 1861-1876, AR 5 qirsh, Misr, AH1277 year 10, KM-254a, a couple of very minor planchet irregularities but superb strike and lovely for type, choice Extremely Fine.

IRAN: Ahmed III, 1703-1730, AR onluk (5.37g), Tabriz, AH1115, NP-522, Ottoman occupation issue, overstruck on earlier Iranian abbasi, better than average strike and quality, Very Fine.

TUNIS: Mahmud I, 1730-1754, AR piastre, Tunis, AH1149, KM-42, scruffy Very Fine.

TUNIS: AE ¼ kharub, AH1281, KM-153, specimen strike from the Heaton mint, Birmingham, NGC graded Specimen 65.

TUNIS: AE ½ kharub, AH1281, KM-154, specimen strike from the Heaton mint, Birmingham, NGC graded Specimen 66.

TUNIS: Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789, AR piastre (14.92g), Tunis, AH1202, KM-65, attractive strike with minor weakness, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

TURKEY: Ahmad III, 1703-1730, AE rectangular falus (6.09g), Bitlis, AH1134, KB-23-BTL-13, crude strike, Very Good to Fine.

TURKEY: Mahmud II, 1808-1839, AR 5 piastres (25.86g), Kostantiniye, AH1223 year 3, KM-564, choice strike, attractive Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

TURKEY: Mahmud II, 1808-1839, AV ¼ surre altin (0.50g), Kostantiniye, AH1223 year 16, KM-623, About Uncirculated.

TURKEY: Abdul Mejid, 1839-1861, AV memduhiye altin (0.40g), Kostantiniye, AH1255 year 1, KM-657, choice About Uncirculated.

TURKEY: AR 5 kurush, AH1293, KM-720/737, full reverse brockage, tiny dig in struck side field, Extremely Fine.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid II, 1875-1909, AV kurush (3.52g), Kostantiniye, AH1293 year 29, KM-740, monnaie-de-luxe, never mounted, 0.1034 AGW, Extremely Fine.

TAHIRID: Tahir I, 821-822, AR dirham (2.66g), Herat, AH206, A-1391A, citing the governor al-Shukr b. Ibrahim, nice Very Fine, R.

SAFFARID: 'Amr b. al-Layth, 879-901, AR dirham, Jannaba, AH283, A-1402, somewhat soft on parts of the reverse, Extremely Fine, R.

SAFFARID: 'Amr b. al-Layth, 879-901, AR dirham (2.75g), Nishapur, AH269, A-1402A, some weakness as usual, bold mint & date, strong Very Fine, R. Mansur (b. Sharkab), rival opponent in Nishapur in 269, retained his nominal position as vassal of 'Amr.

SAFFARID: Muhammad b. 'Amr, 886-888, AR dirham (3.00g), Shiraz, AH372, A-1403, citing Muhammad b. 'Amr in obverse margin, his father 'Amr b. al-Layth below the reverse margin, and the caliphal heir-apparent al-Muwaffaq billah below the obverse margin, superb strike, choice Very Fine, R. There is some adhesion near the edge but not affecting any of the text or design.

SAFFARID: Tahir b. Muhammad, 901-908, AR dirham (3.01g), Fars, AH293, A-1404, superb strike for this relatively common type, Extremely Fine.

AMIR OF AL-KHUTTAL: al-Harith b. Asad, 893-905, AR dirham (3.27g), al-Khuttal, AH290, A-B1440, citing the Samanid Isma'il b. Ahmad as overlord, bold strike, Very Fine, RR.

SAMANID: Isma'il I, 892-907, AR dirham (2.93g), Andaraba, AH290, A-1443, old calligraphic style, as on the pre-290 Banijurid dirhams, Very Fine, R.

SAMANID: Nasr II, 914-943, AV dinar (4.16g), Nishapur, AH313, A-1449, date written as thalatha-'ashar wa thalathmi'a, pleasing Very Fine.

SAMANID: Nasr II, 914-943, AV dinar (4.24g), Nishapur, AH315, A-1449, Very Fine. Nishapur was seized by the rival Yahya b. Ahmad during part of this year.

SAMANID: Nasr II, 914-943, AV dinar (4.50g), Nishapur, AH321, A-1449, caliph al-Qahir, choice Extremely Fine.

SAMANID: Nasr II, 914-943, AV dinar (4.04g), Nishapur, AH323, A-1449, caliph al-Radi, floral design above obverse field, bold Very Fine.

SAMANID: Nasr II, 914-943, AV dinar (3.37g), Qazwin, AH328, A-1449, scarce mint for the Samanid coinage, very little weakness, excellent strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

SAMANID: 'Abd al-Malik I, 954-961, AV dinar (3.94g), Nishapur, AH348, A-1460, lovely bold strike, Extremely Fine.

SAMANID: Mansur I, 961-976, AV dinar (3.76g), Nishapur, AH361, A-1464, citing al-Wali Muhammad in obverse field, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated.

AMIR OF BUST: Bekchur, 960-961, AE fals (2.89g), Bust, AH34(9), A-C1478, nice strike, final date digit partly visible, probably "9", Fine to Very Fine, R.

QARAKHANID: Nasr b. 'Ali, 993-1012, AR dirham (2.50g), Uzkand, AH399, A-3302, entitled al-Mu'ayyid al-'Adil Ilek, citing his brother Ahmad b. 'Ali, as Nasir al-Haqq Khan, one flan crack, lovely strike, Extremely Fine.

QARAKHANID: Muhammad b. 'Ali, 1003-1024, AR dirham (2.49g), Khujanda, AH405, A-3307, with titles Sana al-Dawla Yinal-Tegin, two flan cracks, bold strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

QARAKHANID: Muhammad b. 'Ali, 1003-1024, AR dirham (2.23g), Khujanda, AH407, A-3307, entitled merely Arslan Khan Ilek, without his name or other titles, inscribed al-'adl and padishah in obverse center, reverse center in highlighted octagon, decent strike, lovely Very Fine, R.

QARAKHANID: Muhammad b. 'Ali, 1003-1024, AR dirham (2.12g), Khujanda, AH406, A-3307, with titles Sana al-Dawla Yinal-Tegin, inscribed padishah in obverse center, lovely Very Fine, R.

QARAKHANID: Anonymous, ca.1030, AE fals (3.00g), Kharashkath, AH(420), A-3437M, Kochnev-717, ornate box design in obverse, tentatively assigned to Ibrahim b. Nasr, Very Fine, RRR.

QARAKHANID: Nasr b. al-Husayn, in Kasan, 1169-1173, AE dirham (1.77g), MM, ND, A-3421, obverse text, within circle, nusrat / tughril / khan, unread marginal text around / kalima within circle-in-square, mint name probably in outer marginal text, off-flan on this piece, Fine, RRR. Tentative attribution, no examples of this type reported by Kochnev, none in Zeno. An alternative issuer might be Tughril Khaqan, in Tirmidh, fl. 586-591 / 1190-1195 (cf. A-F1523.2).

QARAKHANID: Anonymous, 12th century, lead charm (13.04g), ND, obverse legends inscludes al-'izz wa'l-iqbal … wa'l-salam wa'l-baraka…, reverse various amuletic phrases each ending in al-dawla, thus a reference to the state, Very Fine, RR, Zeno-62901. According to Vladimir Nastich, "Qarakhanid amulet with benevolent legends. Style, calligraphy, ornamentation points to the Kashghar, Yarkand or Khotan origin; date - 11th or most probably 12th C." The obverse marginal text is a repetition of al-mulk, the reverse margin a repetition of al-dawla.

QARA-KHITAY IN BALKH: Khusrawshah, 1179-1186, AE rukni dirham (4.41g), MM, AH5xx, A-D1523, ruler cited as al-khaqan al-a'zam rukn al-dunya wa'l-din (…?) tafghaj khan, bow-and-arrow in obverse center, Very Fine, RR. Tentative attribution. Mint off flan, probably either Balkh or Tirmidh. I have not found an exact example of this type published in available sites. It cites the caliph al-Mustadi, who ruled AH566-575. Because of the bow and arrow, some people have attempted to read the undeciphered word as chingiz, but that seems impossible, though it also clearly not khusrawshah. More significantly, the caliph is clearly al-Mustadi, who died 30 years before the accession of Chingiz Khan, 40 years before he conquered any of the regions that might have struck a coin like this.

ALID OF TABARISTAN: al-Hasan b. Zayd, 864-884, AR dirham (3.05g), Madinat Jurjan, AH268, A-1523, trace of weakness, but fully legible, bold strike, nearly Extremely Fine, R. The religious expression on al-Hasan's coins is al-da'i illa al haqq. The obverse outer margin bears Qur'an 42:23, the reverse margin Qur'an 22:39.

ALID OF TABARISTAN: al-Hasan b. Zayd, 864-884, AR dirham (3.58g), Jurjan, AH264, A-1523, several nicks & scratches, still pleasing, extremely rare date I have not seen before, Very Fine, R. The religious expression on al-Hasan's coins is al-da'i illa al haqq. The obverse outer margin bears Qur'an 42:23, the reverse margin Qur'an 22:39.

ZIYARID: Bisutun, 967-978, AR dirham (4.15g), Jurjan, AH366, A-1533, in the name of his father Washmagir, citing the Buwayhid overlord Rukn al-Dawla, somewhat shallow strike, bold mint & date, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

BUWAYHID: Mu'izz al-Dawla Ahmad, 939-967, AV dinar (4.27g), Madinat al-Salam, AH342, A-1542.2, citing the Buwayhid overlord Rukn al-Dawla, Very Fine, S, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BUWAYHID: Mu'izz al-Dawla Ahmad, 939-967, AV dinar (4.06g), Madinat al-Salam, AH355, A-1544, citing the caliph al-Muti', his Buwayhid overlord Rukn al-Dawla, and his son 'Izz al-Dawla (as heir), one scratch on obverse, nice strike, Extremely Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

BUWAYHID: 'Adud al-Dawla, 949-983, AR dirham (4.25g), Siraf, AH347, A-1550.1, Treadwell-Si347a.2, J below obverse, F below reverse, bold strike on broad flan, choice Extremely Fine, R.

BUWAYHID: Fakhr al-Dawla, 970-976, AR dirham (3.14g), AH364, A-1559, Fakhr al-Dawla cited only by his personal name, 'Ali b. Rukn al-Dawla, also citing his overlord Rukn al-Dawla (his father), Extremely Fine, RR.

BUWAYHID: Baha' al-Dawla, 989-1012, AV dinar (5.03g), 'Uman, AH394, A-1573, struck from deteriorating dies, bold strike, Extremely Fine, RR. Listed by Darley-Doran, p. 136. Obverse text includes the titles malik al-muluk al-'adil shahanshah qiwam al-din abu nasr, with shahanshah repeated at the top of the field, with baha al-dawla wa diya' al-milla wa ghiyath al-umma on the reverse. Citing the caliph al-Qadir.

BUWAYHID: Baha' al-Dawla, 989-1012, AR dirham (3.91g), Fasa, AH399, A-1574, lovely strike, just a minor touch of weakness, Very Fine, RRR. The obverse is in the Naskhi font, the reverse in Kufic. Similar to Treadwell-Fa398 for this mint, but this date is unpublished.

BUWAYHID: Sultan al-Dawla, 1012-1024, AR dirham (2.79g), Shiraz, AH408, A-1581, Treadwell-Sh408a, somewhat shallow strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

HASANWAYHID: Badr b. Hasanwayh, 980-1014, AR dirham (4.07g), al-Rur, AH403, A-1589.5, sana right and wa thalath (sic) left of obverse field, thus clear mint & date, citing the Buwayhid overlord Sultan al-Dawla only as amir al-umara abu shuja' bin baha al-dawla below reverse, Fine to Very Fine, RR.

KAKWAYHID: Faramurz, 1041-1051, AV dinar (2.00g), Isbahan, AH435, A-1592.2, broad flan, with bow and arrow above obverse, shams above reverse, bold strike, Uncirculated.

KAKWAYHID: Faramurz, 1041-1051, AV dinar (2.70g), Isbahan, AH435, A-1592.2, with bow and arrow above both obverse & reverse, lustrous Uncirculated.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (3.96g), Nishapur, AH397, A-1606, lovely strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (4.39g), Nishapur, AH399, A-1606, Arabic S below obverse field, Fine to Very Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (4.55g), Nishapur, AH402, A-1606, citing both the caliph and caliphal heir-apparent al-Ghalib, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (4.55g), Nishapur, AH403, A-1606, citing both the caliph and caliphal heir-apparent al-Ghalib, choice Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (4.89g), Nishapur, AH403, A-1606, lovely Very Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (3.67g), Nishapur, AH403, A-1606, Very Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (2.75g), Nishapur, AH418, A-1606, unusual symbol left of field on reverse, strong Extremely Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (3.96g), Nishapur, AH417, A-1606, Extremely Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (2.97g), Nishapur, DM, A-1606, date probably AH417, crude Extremely Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (3.60g), Herat, AH389, A-1607, flan crack, cleaned Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (3.65g), Ghazna, AH408, A-1607, last digit of date recut, probably from khams for "5", superb strike, Extremely Fine.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, 999-1030, AV dinar (4.07g), Ghazna, AH414, A-1607, pleasing strike with minimal weakness near the rim, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection. During the reign of Mahmud, gold dinars of Nishapur remain at 93-98% gold, but those of Herat (and presumably also Ghazna) gradually fell from about 82-85% in AH389 to about 68-70% by the end of his reign in AH421.

GHAZNAVID: Mas'ud I, 1030-1041, AV dinar (4.14g), Nishapur, AH423, A-1618, citing around the reverse field the caliph al-Qadir and his heir-apparent al-Qa'im, even though al-Qadir died in AH422, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

GHAZNAVID: Mas'ud I, 1030-1041, AV dinar (3.89g), Nishapur, AH423, A-1618, citing within the reverse field the caliph al-Qadir and his heir-apparent al-Qa'im, even though al-Qadir died in AH422, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

GHAZNAVID: Mas'ud I, 1030-1041, AV dinar (5.76g), Nishapur, AH423, A-1618, citing the Caliph al-Qadir who died in 422 plus as heir-apparent al-Qa'im, with star below on reverse field, R.

GHAZNAVID: 'Abd al-Rashid, 1049-1052, AV dinar (4.53g), Ghazna, AH443, A-1629A, minor weakness, very clear mint & date, Very Fine, RR. Titles sama al-dawla wa sana al-milla sayf Allah. These titles and the name 'abd al-rashid all appear on the reverse, so that there is no question that these titles indeed belong to 'Abd al Rashid.

GHAZNAVID: Ibrahim, 1059-1099, AV debased dinar (6.78g) (Ghazna), ND, A-1637, unusually heavy for this series, cleaned Very Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Tughril Beg, 1038-1063, AV dinar (3.54g), Nishapur, AH439, A-1665, superb strike, Extremely Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

GREAT SELJUQ: Tughril Beg, 1038-1063, AV dinar (2.69g), al-Rayy, AH440, A-1665, bow & arrow above obverse & reverse fields, Extremely Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Tughril Beg, 1038-1063, AV dinar (4.10g), Nishapur, AH442, A-1665, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

GREAT SELJUQ: Tughril Beg, 1038-1063, AV dinar (2.79g), Nishapur, AH449, A-1665, slightly coarse strike, tisa' for "9" recut over thaman for "8", Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Tughril Beg, 1038-1063, AV dinar (2.91g), Madinat al-Salam, AH450 (for 455), A-1665, Jafar-SMS-455B, while the date is clearly either 450 or 405, Y. Jafar has proven that it is a die-cutter's error for 455, his type SMS-455B, which is identical, but different dies, to his SMS-455A, where the date is clearly AH455. These two subtypes are the only issues of Tughril Beg struck at Madinat al-Salam to bear the title malik al-mashriq wa'l-maghrib, "king of the East and the West"., Extremely Fine, RR.

GREAT SELJUQ: Bayghu, 1043-1056, AV dinar (2.27g), Herat, DM, A-1669, titles al-malik al-muzaffar mu'izz al-dawla, crude Very Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Takish Beg, ca. 1062-1084, AV dinar (2.83g), Balkh, AH475, A-1673.2, as vassal of Malikshah, the Great Seljuq, nice strike, Very Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Takish Beg, ca. 1062-1084, pale AV dinar (4.88g), MM, AH47x, A-1673.2, with his kunya shihab al-dawla, citing Malikshah as overlord, with the title sultan zahir, some flatness, Fine to Very Fine, RR.

GREAT SELJUQ: Malikshah I, 1072-1092, AV dinar, fine gold (4.65g), al-Ahwaz, AH466, A-1674, 4.65g, minor weakness near the center but clearly legible everywhere, Very Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Malikshah I, 1072-1092, AV fractional dinar (0.71g), MM, AH4(6?)9, A-1674B, with Qur'an Sura 112 (Allah ahad Allah samad …) filling reverse field, Extremely Fine, RRR.

GREAT SELJUQ: Malikshah I, 1072-1092, AV dinar (1.76g), Wasit, AH470, A-1674, somewhat crude strike, minimal weakness, Very Fine, RR.

GREAT SELJUQ: Malikshah I, 1072-1092, AV dinar (3.87g) (Isba)han, AH477, A-1674, bold date, mint certain, by style, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

GREAT SELJUQ: Malikshah I, 1072-1092, AV dinar, fine gold (3.73g), Nishapur, AH480, A-1674, 3.73g, minor weakness near the center but clearly legible everywhere, About Very Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Malikshah I, 1072-1092, AV dinar, fine gold (3.36g), NM, ND, A-1674, muling of two reverse dies, each with Qur'anic text (verse 9:33) in the margin, ex-mount, nice strike, Very Fine.

GREAT SELJUQ: Sanjar, 1118-1157, AV dinar (3.79g), Nishapur, AH(52)1, A-1686, citing the caliph al-Mustarshid (AH512-529), thus the date must be 521, and the "1" is very clear, Extremely Fine.

SELJUQ OF WESTERN IRAN: Mahmud II, 1118-1131, AV 1/3 dinar (1.35g), Nihawand, AH(52)2, A-1688B, citing the local governor Yurunqush and the Great Seljuq ruler Sanjar, tiny chip, bold strike, Extremely Fine, R.

SELJUQ OF WESTERN IRAN: Mahmud II, 1118-1131, AV 1/3 dinar (1.30g), Nihawand, DM, A-1688B, citing the local ruler Yurunqush, with title qutlugh atabek, crude Extremely Fine, R. From a hoard of about 100-200 pieces from the 1960s, rarely seen in the market nowadays.

SELJUQ OF WESTERN IRAN: Mas'ud, 1134-1152, AV dinar (2.14g), Madinat al-Salam, AH533, A-1691, two small piercings, presumably for use in jewelry or decoration, bold mint & date, nearly Extremely Fine, RR. Probably from a hoard of about 100-200 pieces from the 1960s, rarely seen in the market nowadays.

SELJUQ OF WESTERN IRAN: Arslan, 1161-1176, AV dinar (1.39g), NM, ND, A-A1696, citing unidentified governor Aqush atop the reverse field, with khayr ("good") above obverse field, citing caliph al-Mustanjid (AH555-566), Very Fine, RR. Somewhat pale gold. The style suggests a location somewhere in western or west-central Iran.

KHWARIZMSHAH: Muhammad, 1200-1220, AR dinar (4.87g), Tirmidh, AH613, A-1712, strong Very Fine, RR. The mint & date appear in both obverse and reverse margins, but is fully legible only on the obverse, while the mint name repeated above both the obverse & reverse field. On this specimen, all four mentions of the mint name are clearly legible!

KHWARIZMSHAH: Mangubarni, 1220-1231, AE multiple fals (34.78g), NM, AH(623), A-1752, al-sultan al-a'zam in obverse center, jalal al-dunya wa'l-din in reverse center, each twice, with countermark of Queen Rusudan on the smaller portion of the irregular planchet, Fine to Very Fine, RR. Struck 1226-1227, after which Queen Rusudan began issuing copper coin in her name, without citing the Khwarizmshah ruler, who retained control of Tbilisi until 1231.

GHORID: Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, 1163-1203, AE jital (2.00g), ND, A-1757K, Tye-—, forepart of lion left / text only, Fine to Very Fine, RRR. Mint name above the reverse, ending in r or z plus wan, probably Kurzuwan.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AV dinar (5.56g), Dawar, ND, A-1763, naskhi script, mint name above obverse field, fully legible, blundered date in margin, usual weakness in the margins, but no weakness in the fields, Very Fine, RR.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AV stater (4.16g), NM, ND, A-1764.2, Nagari legends / Lakshmi seated, Bayana region type, on narrow flan, nice Very Fine.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AR dirham (1.28g), Ghazna, AH596, A-1770, with month al-awal, followed by uncertain word, perhaps rabi' for the full name of the month, bold strike with minimal weakness on remarkably thin flan, bold Very Fine, R.

GHORID OF BAMIYAN: Jalal al-Din 'Ali, 1206-1215, AV dinar (3.99g), MM, AH6xx, A-V1806, as independent ruler, citing also the caliph al-Nasir, Very Fine, R, Zeno-46287 (this piece).

GHORID OF BAMIYAN: Jalal al-Din 'Ali, 1206-1215, AV dinar (5.00g), MM, DM, A-V1806, Qur'anic verse 9:33 in obverse margin, partly legible, probably mint & date in reverse margin, but almost completely off flan, Very Fine, RR.

ARTUQIDS OF AMID & KAYFA: Fakhr al-Din Qara Arslan, 1144-1174, AE dirham (13.95g), NM, AH556, A-1820.4, SS-4, slightly left-facing figure holding globe and scepter, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ARTUQIDS OF AMID & KAYFA: Rukn al-Din Mawdud, 1222-1232, AE dirham (10.87g), Amid, AH621, A-1824.1, SS-19, double-headed eagle, obverse and reverse enclosures are a circle within a square within a circle, date in numerals, attractive Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Alpi, 1152-1176, AE dirham (11.87g), NM, ND, A-1827.2, SS-27, Seleukid style head right, with his title najm al din, formerly a countermark, incorporated into the obverse die, Very Fine.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Il-Ghazi II, 1176-1184, AE dirham (11.07g), NM, ND, A-1828.1, SS-31, diademed head in square, gazing upwards, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Il-Ghazi II, 1176-1184, AE dirham (10.03g), NM, ND, A-1828.1, SS-31, diademed head in square, gazing upwards, overstruck on similar coin, cleaned Very Fine.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Yuluq Arslan, 1184-1201, AE dirham (13.10g), NM, AH582, A-1829.1, SS-33.3, diademed bust facing, citing the Ayyubid overlord al-Nasir Yusuf I (Saladin), bold Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Yuluq Arslan, 1184-1201, AE dirham (12.11g), NM, ND, A-1829.2, SS-34, large bust facing left on right hand side, small bust facing forward on left side, citing the Ayyubid overlord al-Nasir Yusuf (Saladin), pleasing Very Fine.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Artuq Arslan, 1201-1239, AE dirham (9.95g), Mardin, AH606, A-1830.3, leopard-rider left, bold obverse, decent reverse, Very Fine.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Artuq Arslan, 1201-1239, AE dirham (10.27g), Mardin, AH606, A-1830.3, SS-39, leopard-rider left, pleasing Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Artuq Arslan, 1201-1239, AE dirham (10.61g), Mardin, AH626, A-1830.3, SS-45, leopard-rider left, citing Ayyubid al-Kamil & caliph al-Mustansir, Fine to Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ARTUQIDS OF MARDIN: Artuq Arslan, 1201-1239, AE dirham (9.15g), NM, AH(615), A-1830.5, SS-41, obverse and reverse in octagram, Fine to Very Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection. This non-pictorial type has the date in the outer margin, almost never legible.

LU'LU'IDS: Badr al-Din Lu'lu', 1233-1258, AV dinar (3.62g), al-Mawsil, AH645, A-1871.5, struck during Badr al-Din's second period of independence (AH643-645), Very Fine.

BEGTEGINIDS: Kökburi, 1168-1233, AE dirham (9.14g), NM, ND, A-1888.1, enthroned facing figure / square-in-circle, always without mint & date, but presumably struck at Irbil, citing the Ayyubid king al-Nasir Yusuf (Saladin) on reverse, overstruck on undetermined host, Very Fine, R.

SHIRVANSHAH: Abu Harb Salar b. Yazid, 1049-1063, BI dirham (3.15g), NM, ND, A-D1908, king named on coin abu harb salar / bin yazid shirva- / -nshah, overstruck on same coin, About Very Fine, RR, Zeno-52678. The kunya of Salar has also been read as Abu Harith, but Abu Harb is more likely; both are written identically in Arabic.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT: Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AR fractional dirham, NM, ND, A-1921A, 1.96g, short inscriptions, al-mawla al-a'zam on obverse, 'ala al-dunya wa'l-din on reverse, some weakness, overall decent strike, Very Fine, RR.

QUTLUGHKHANID: Suyurghatmish, 1282-1294, AR dirham (2.43g), Kir(man), AH68x, A-1936, citing the Ilkhan ruler Arghun as overlord, some weakness, Fine to Very Fine, RR.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AV dinar (3.21g), NM, ND, A-1964A, also citing the Khwarizmshah ruler, 'Ala al-Din Muhammad (b. Takash, 1200-1220), three small holes, unpublished & unique, Very Fine, RRRR. Obverse field: khan al-a'zam / wa'l-khaqan al-mu'azzam / chingiz al-khan, with possible short text in fourth line. Reverse field: al-sulta(n) al-mu'azzam / 'ala al-dunya wa'l-d- / -in abu'l-fath / (mu)hammad bin …. The marginal legends are off flan on both sides, as is almost normal at this period. Genghis Khan (Chingiz Khan) originally sent a mercantile group to the Khwarizmshah territory, to establish a trade relationship between the Mongols, by then in control of most of Xinjiang, and the Khwarizmshahs, along the northern route of the Silk Road. The Khwarizmian officials unfortunately assassinated the mercantile representatives, with great outrage to the Mongols. Genghis Khan then prepared for invasion of the Khwarizmshah's lands, with the understandable intent to defeat the Khwarizmshahs and either capture or execute 'Ala al-Din and his sons. It can be argued that the recognition of Chingiz Khan by 'Ala al-Din Muhammad was undertaken in order to dispell the possibility of a Mongol invasion of his territories, or that Chingiz Khan or his officials ordered that their first coins should continue to cite 'Ala al-Din Muhammad on the coinage in hope that he would surrender to subordination under the Mongols. I am inclined to prefer the second explanation, for in following decades, the Mongols made similar arrangements with local dynasties, such as the Qutlughkhanids, Salghurids, etc., in southern Iran, and the Bagratid kings of Georgia.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AR dirham (3.01g), NM , ND, A-1967, citing Chingiz Khan by name, dies 3/B, lovely strike, Extremely Fine.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AE jital (4.03g), NM, ND, A-1969, believed struck at Ghazna during Mongol advance towards the Indus River, chasing the last of the Khwarizmshahs, Manguberni, Very Fine.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AE jital (4.04g), Nimruz, ND, A-A1973var, obverse text qa'an / al-'adil / padishah, standard reverse, Very Fine, RR.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AE jital (3.03g), NM, ND, A-B1973, Tye-333, 'adl on obverse, khaqan on reverse, both sides within lobated square (often misinterpreted as an octogram, as in the 3rd adition of the Checklist)., Very Fine, R.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AE jital (2.89g), NM, ND, A-B1973, Tye-332, 'adl on obverse, khaqan on reverse, Fine to Very Fine.

GREAT MONGOLS: ögedei, 1227-1241, AR dirham (3.09g), Urdu (in Uighur script), ND, A-F1974, Allah in obverse center, with wahdahu below, written with separate letters / al-urdu al-a'zam al-'adil, Fine to Very Fine, R, Zeno-9013. The mint was located at the medieval Mongolian capital of Karakorum, now Kharkhorin in Mongolia, about 200 miles west of the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar.

GREAT MONGOLS: ögedei, 1227-1241, AR dirham (1.78g), , ND, A-K1974var, with an unusual tamgha, Fine to Very Fine, RR, Zeno-3772. Assigned by Petrov to the mint of Imil, not far from Pulad. The type is reported with date AH644, which would be five years after the death of ögedei.

GREAT MONGOLS: ögedei, 1227-1241, AR dirham (2.56g), NM, DM, A-1973M, qa'an al-'adil obverse, with bow below, unread word after duriba in obverse margin, floral symbol above kalima on reverse, Fine, R.

GREAT MONGOLS: Mas'ud al-Khwarizmi, 1240-1269, AE broad fals (3.81g), MM, DM, A-1975, crude Fine to Very Fine.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: temp. Alughu, 1261-1266, AR dirham (2.32g), Kuja (Kuche in Xinjiang), AH[662], A-1983, usual weakness, Very Fine, R. This type is the earliest confirmed Islamic coin struck at Kuche in central Xinjiang, about halfway between Kashgar and Urumqi.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Alughu, 1261-1266, AR dirham (1.46g), Imil, AH661, A-1983, Nyamaa-20, date in blundered numerals in obverse marginal inscription, nice Very Fine, R, Zeno-6536. Known with clear date AH661 in Arabic words, and various forms of Arabic numerals. The type was likely struck for several years without change of date.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Alughu, 1261-1266, AR dirham (1.24g), Imil, AH661, A-1983, Nyamaa-20, date in blundered numerals in obverse marginal inscription, Very Fine, R, Zeno-5562. Known with clear date AH661 in Arabic words, and various forms of Arabic numerals. The type was likely struck for several years without change of date.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Tuqa Timur, 1272-1291, AR dirham (1.89g), Khotan, ND, A-1985T, Nyamaa, p.80 (this piece), above-average strike, Very Fine, RR, Zeno-6523. Tibetan MA ("mother") in obverse center, surrounded by two undeciphered Arabic marginal texts / al-urdu al-a'zam + city name. Dating is very tentative, but may be related to the arrival of Marco Polo at Khotan in 1274. Khotan is now a small city in the Chinese province of Xinjiang, with a population of 114,000 in 2006.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Tuqa Timur, 1272-1291, AR dirham (2.04g), Khotan, ND, A-1985T, Nyamaa, p.80 (this piece), Very Fine, RR, Zeno-5560. Tibetan MA ("mother") in obverse center, surrounded by two undeciphered Arabic marginal texts / al-urdu al-a'zam + city name. Dating is very tentative, but may be related to the arrival of Marco Polo at Khotan in 1274. Khotan is now a small city in the Chinese province of Xinjiang, with a population of 114,000 in 2006.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Tuqa Timur, 1272-1291, AR dirham (1.28g) (Pulad), AH(662), A-1985, with the tamgha of Qaidu, who was the actual holder of power in the Chaghatayid regions, 1269-1302, usual weakness, Fine to Very Fine, R, Zeno-3771. Pulad was located in what is now the extreme northwest corner of the Chinese province of Xinjiang.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Tuqa Timur, 1272-1291, AR dirham (1.00g), Taraz, ND (ca. 670s), A-1985, with unusual tamghas in obverse & reverse centers, about 40% flat strike, typical of this mint, Very Fine, RR, Zeno-5552.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Khutlugh Khwaja, 1298-1299, AE jital (3.56g), undetermined mint, ND, A-A1987.1, lovely Very Fine, RR. The mint name follows sikka below the obverse, but no specimen is known on which the name is not off flan.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Khutlugh Khwaja, 1298-1299, AE jital (3.49g), Ghazna, ND, A-A1987.2, Chaghatayid tamgha in obverse center, mint name on reverse, bold Very Fine, R.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Khutlugh Khwaja, 1298-1299, AE jital (3.56g), Ghazna, ND, A-A1987.4, Tye-343, mint name very coarsely engraved, quite illegible as often encountered, sometimes misread as 'adl, superb strike, finest I have seen, lovely Extremely Fine, R.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Kibak Khan, 1318-1326, AR dinar (7.83g), AH725, A-1988, clear mint & date, date in obverse margin in 5 segments, fi / (sana) / khams / wa 'ashrin / wa sab'mi'a, minor weakness, pleasing example, Fine to Very Fine, R, Zeno-10278.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Kibak Khan, 1318-1326, AR 1/6 dinar (1.20g), Bukhara, AH725, A-1989, Fine, Zeno-8680.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Sanjar, 1330-1333, AR dinar (8.11g), Tirmidh, AH734, A-1996, citing Sinjar together with Tarmashirin, mint in lower part of obverse field, date in numerals in right segment of reverse margin (weak but clearly legible), nice strike for this mint & type, Very Fine, RR.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Khalil, 1341-1343, AR dinar (7.48g), Almaligh, AH743, A-2002Q, citing both Khalil and Qazan Timur, about 20% flat strike, bold mint & date, Fine, RRR, Zeno-9026. Cf. Zeno-5484 for another specimen from the same dies, which shows the title al-mutawakkil 'ala Allah above the obverse field.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Tughluq Timur, 1359-1364, AR dinar (7.92g), Badakhshan, AH763, A-2011, very clear mint & date, about 15% flat strike, about as nice as these come, Very Fine, RRR, Zeno-10260.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Qabul Khan, 1366-1368, AR 1/6 dinar (1.18g), Badakhshan, ND, A-C2012, usual weakness, mint name only partly visible, Fine to Very Fine, RR.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Suyurghatmish, 1370-1388, AR 1/6 dinar (0.99g), Bada(khshan), ND, A-E2012, off-center strike, Very Fine, RRR.

SHAHS OF BADAKHSHAN: Sultan Bakht, 1321, AR dirham (2.40g), Badakhshan, AH711, A-B2015, Chaghatayid tamgha in reverse center, surround by mint name, with date in outer margin, Very Fine, R, Zeno-8705. This ruler's name was formerly read as Sultan Yahya, but has now been corrected as Bakht, his name preceded by the title iskandar al-thani ("the second Alexander", a reference to Alexander the Great of the 4th century BC).

SHAHS OF BADAKHSHAN: Shah Baha al-Din, 1344-1358, AR dinar kebeki (7.84g), Badakhshan, AH747, A-2015, obverse text sultan mu'azzam shah bahadur khalad Allah mulkahu sikka badakhshan, with date in outer margin, to lower right, largely visible, with the final digit full, Very Fine, RR, Zeno-10268. Cf. Z-7403 for clearer date, same obverse die.

GOLDEN HORDE: temp. Batu or Berke, ca. 1250s, AE pul (1.84g), Bulghar, ND, A-2019, with the tamgha of Möngke on both sides, and the name mangu qa, nice example for this type, Fine to Very Fine, R.

GOLDEN HORDE: Mangu Timur, 1267-1280, AR dirham (1.83g), Qrim, AH665, A-2020, nice strike, Extremely Fine, R.

GOLDEN HORDE: Toda Mangu, 1280-1287, AR yarmaq (1.81g), Qrim, ND, A-T2021, central square / triangle, struck circa AH679-682, superb strike, partly lustrous About Uncirculated, RRR.

GOLDEN HORDE: Toda Mangu, 1280-1287, AR yarmaq (1.83g), Qrim, ND, A-T2021, central square / triangle, struck circa AH679-682, slightly soft strike, full text & design, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, RRR.

GOLDEN HORDE: Toda Mangu, 1280-1287, AR yarmaq (1.65g), Qrim, AH683, A-2021.1, tamgha in central circle / 3-line legend, trace of weakness at the edge, full text on both sides, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, RR.

GOLDEN HORDE: Töle Buqa, 1287-1290, AR dirham (1.55g), Qrim, AH687, A-2022.2, ruler's name in Arabic, tamgha in hexagram on reverse, some weakness, decent strike, Extremely Fine, RR. Date is clearly 687 and not 686. Perhaps the die engraver made a typo!

GOLDEN HORDE: Töle Buqa, 1287-1290, AR dirham (1.64g), Qrim, AH686, A-2022.2, ruler's name in Arabic, tamgha in hexagram on reverse, some weakness but a nice strike overall, Extremely Fine, RR.

GOLDEN HORDE: Tulun Beg, 1371-1372, AE pul (3.60g) (Saray al-Jadida), AH(773), A-2047, countermarked zafar on obverse, obliterating most of the reverse, Very Fine, RRR.

ILKHAN: Abaqa, 1265-1282, AV dinar (7.57g), Baghdad, AH669, A-2126.1, very rare with clear mint & date, despite some weakness, Very Fine, RR.

ILKHAN: Abaqa, 1265-1282, AE fals (4.11g), NM, ND, A-2131Jvar, Obverse text abaqa / padishah-i / jahan and reverse text … / padishah / zuyyida 'adluhu, Fine to Very Fine, RRR.

ILKHAN: Anonymous Qa'an al-'Adil, AR dirham (2.55g), Astarabad, AH[6]82, A-2136A, obverse in fancy hexagon, qa'an al-'adil al-a'zam, some weakness, bold mint & date, Shi'ite reverse, About Very Fine, R. Struck during the reign of the Ilkhan ruler Ahmad, 681-683 / 1282-1824.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AV dinar (4.28g), A-2144, blundered mint & date, but by style clearly Tabriz mint, Extremely Fine. Dinars of both Arghun and Gaykhatu struck at Tabriz frequently have blundered mint and date, perhaps for the majority of dinars struck for Arghun. They are not rare.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (2.43g), Isfahan, AH(6)86, A-2146, clear mint & date, Very Fine. With the Great Mongol tamgha of Möngke Khan & his descendants in obverse field, here presumably a reference to Qubilai Khan, then the Great Khan of the Mongols.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham, Tabriz, AH688, A-2148, hawk below obverse field, slight weakness, nice example, Very Fine.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (3.56g), Astarabad, AH68x, A-2149.2, sun behind bird in obverse field, mint name on both sides, About Very Fine.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (2.47g), Isfarayin, AH684, A-2152, eastern style, mint name both in obverse center & at bottom of reverse field, very clear date, lovely Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (2.52g), Sabzawar, AH685, A-2152, eastern style, mint name in obverse center, very clear date, lovely delicate text, nice strike, choice Very Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (2.35g), Marw, AH68x, A-2152, eastern style, bow to right on obverse, choice Very Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (2.43g), Isfarayin, AH687, A-2155, eastern style, citing Ghazan as heir, mint name both sides, clear date, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Gaykhatu, 1291-1295, AV dinar (4.31g), , ND, A-2158.1, stylized mint-date formula in reverse margin, therefore unreadable, Extremely Fine.

ILKHAN: Gaykhatu, 1291-1295, AE fals (3.24g), Bazar, ND, A-2163, Diler-240, standard Uighur legend with ruler's name in Arabic below / kalima, with mint above & hare below, decent strike, nice Fine, RR. Diler was unaware of any example with legible date, or with the hare visible.

ILKHAN: Ghazan Mahmud, 1295-1304, AR dirham (2.04g), Qara Aghach, blundered date, A-2173, first alif of mint name omitted, very rare mint in Caucasia, Extremely Fine.

ILKHAN: Ghazan Mahmud, 1295-1304, AV dinar (1.96g), Isfahan, ND or DM, A-2167, either a very light-weight example of the normal gold coinage or a half dinar to the Tabriz standard, Very Fine, RR. Mint name somewhat weak but absolutely certain.

ILKHAN: Ghazan Mahmud, 1295-1304, AV dinar (4.29g), Kirman, AHxx8//x9x (i.e., 698), A-2170, about 35% flat strike, Very Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Uljaytu, 1304-1316, AV dinar (4.13g), al-Basra, AH704, A-2177, inscribed al-hamdu lillah rabb al-'alamin in upper segment of obverse margin, Very Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Uljaytu, 1304-1316, AV dinar (8.34g), Tabriz, AH714, A-2186, some weakness, date boldly clear in obverse margin, mint name in reverse field, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

ILKHAN: Uljaytu, 1304-1316, AE fals (15.62g), NM, ND, A-2190, obverse in center, possible mint name below / large quatrefoil, Very Fine, RR. These large copper coins of Uljaytu are extremely rare (none on Zeno).

ILKHAN: Uljaytu, 1304-1316, AE fals (4.13g), Hilla? ND, A-2190, lion & sun in obverse center, Fine to Very Fine, R. This design not included in Diler's book on the Ilkhan coinage.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AV dinar (5.49g), Qays, AH[720], A-2198, type C, typical coarse strike for this temporary mint, located either on the island (now called Kish) or on the Iranian coast opposite, Very Fine, R. All known specimens of this type are dated AH720, when visible.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1295-1304, AV dinar (8.02g), Maragha, AH728, A-2202, type D, unusually late date for this type, strong Very Fine, RR. Mint name somewhat carelessly engraved, recut over a different mint name, apparently Damghan, which is a rather common mint of this type.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AV dinar (3.82g), Baghdad, AH72x, A-2208, type F, final digit of date quite blundered, appears to be thaman for 8, recut over uncertain earlier date, choice Very Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AV dinar (4.23g), Tabriz, AH729, A-2212, About Very Fine.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AR 2 dirhams (3.22g), Farâb, AH732? A-2214, type G, Very Fine, RR. The mint of Farab or Farrab has never been adequately identified.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AR dirham (1.55g), "Angu", AH729, A-2215, type G, mint name short version of Anguriye (=Ankara), blundered date, countermarked sultani on reverse, Very Fine, RR.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AR 2 dirhams (2.77g), Tiflis (Tbilisi), khani 33, A-2218.1, type H, nice strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AE fals (10.39g), Tabriz, AH7xx, A-2220H, struck AH719-725, with later countermark, possibly Georgian, VF on F, RR.

ILKHAN: Abu Sa'id, 1316-1335, AE 8 units (11.50g) (Tabriz), AH721, A-2220H, usual weakness, boldly clear date, About Very Fine, R. From a temporary denominational copper series (1, 2, 4, and 8 units) struck only at Tabriz, AH719-725.

ILKHAN: Muhammad Khan, 1336-1338, AR 2 dirhams (2.50g), Tabriz, AH738, A-2229, special variant, with ^ -like symbols in each of the six obverse marginal segments, Extremely Fine, RR.

ILKHAN: Muhammad Khan, 1336-1338, AR 2 dirhams (2.24g), Avnik, AH738, A-2229, rare mint in eastern Anatolia, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

ILKHAN: Muhammad Khan, 1336-1338, AR 1 dirham (1.22g), Samsun, AH738, A-A2230, type B, mint name below obverse field rather than in its normal location, clear date, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RR.

ILKHAN: Taghay Timur, 1336-1353, AV dinar (6.69g), Tustar (Shushtar), AH743, A-L2233, type IB, fully legible mint & date, Very Fine, RRR. Coins of this type were previously reported only for the mint of Baghdad, which is only moderately rare. An example of Tustar, also dated 743, appeared in the Islamic Coin Auction #17, October 2010, lot 611, with date only partly legible, though the final thalath for "three" is quite clear (same dies, misdescribed as AH741 in the auction description).

ILKHAN: Taghay Timur, 1336-1353, AV dinar (4.45g), Baghdad, AH74(1), A-L2233, enough of number "1" shows to confirm the reading, Very Fine, RR.

ILKHAN: Anushiravan, 1344-1356, AR 2 dirhams (4.04g), Rayy, AH745, A-U2261, type A, pointed hexafoil, with margin divided into 6 clouds / mihrab, About Very Fine, RRR. First known example of the 6-dirham type A with legible mint, also first with legible date!

ILKHAN: Anushiravan, 1344-1356, AR 6 dirhams (3.07g) (Ra)yy, AH(7)54, A-T2268, type H, looped hexagon / inner circle surrounded by ornate quatrefoil, very clear date, last letter or mint quite clear, About Very Fine, RR, Zeno-10360.

JALAYRIDS: Shaykh Uways I, 1356-1374, AR dinar (2.13g), Wastan, AH(76)6, A-2300.3, type TC, rare mint in eastern Anatolia, choice Very Fine, RR.

SUTAYIDS: Ibrahimshah, 1342-1347, AR 2 dirhams (1.42g), 'Aqar, ND, A-2319.1, rare mint in northern Iraq, Fine to Very Fine, S.

SUTAYIDS: Ibrahimshah, 1342-1347, AR 2 dirhams (1.43g), Irbil, ND, A-2319.2, mint name in central circle on obverse, nice strike for type, which is probably always undated, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RR.

SUTAYIDS: Ibrahimshah, 1342-1347, AR 2 dirhams (1.15g), 'Aqar, ND, A-2319.4, central circle / triangle, always coarsely struck and always undated, Very Fine, RRR. 'Aqar was a rare mint in northern Iraq, briefly in operations under the Sutayids and Jalayrids.

SUTAYIDS: Ibrahimshah, 1342-1347, AR 2 dirhams (1.24g), 'Aqar, ND, A-2319.4, central circle / triangle, always coarsely struck and always undated, Very Fine, RRR. 'Aqar was a rare mint in northern Iraq, briefly in operations under the Sutayids and Jalayrids.

SUTAYIDS: post-Ibrahimshah, 1347+, AR 2 dirhams (1.02g), NM, AH74(9), A-2319H, central circle / square, probably minted at Irbil but no known specimen reveals the mint, Fine to Very Fine, RRR. The name of Ibrahimshah's successor remains uncertain.

SARBADAR: 'Ali Mu'ayyad, 1362-1384, AV ½ mithqal (1.99g), Sabzawar, AH763, A-2340, very clear mint & date, date in numerals, Fine to Very Fine, R.

AFRASIYABID: Kiya Afrasiyab, 1349-1359, AR 6 dirhams (4.08g), Sari, AH760, A-A2347, in the name of the last of the 12 Shi'ite Imams, as al-sultan al-mahdi muhammad, citing all the Shi'ite Imams in the reverse margin, lovely strike, lovely Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RR.

AFRASIYABID: Anonymous, ca. 1352-1374+, AR tanka (6.97g), Qumm, AHxx6, A-A2347var, central circle within inner octofoil / plain inner circle, some weakness, unreported denomination for this series, Very Fine, RRR. Obverse contains the mint name (bi-madinat qumm) in center, surround by the phrase nasr min Allah wa fath qarib wa bashar al-mu'minin ("help is from God and victory is near, good tidings to the believers"). The reverse has the short kalima in the central circle, the names of the 12 Shi'ite Imams around. The denomination and its weight would suggest a date of either 776 or 786, the latter more likely. The actual issuer of this type has not been determined, and may refer to a local governor unrelated to the Afrasiyabids and Mar'ashids.

KARTS: Mu'izz al Din Husayn, AR 12 dirhams (8.49g), Herat, AH759, A-2351.1, "9" retrograde, few minor scratches on obverse, excellent strike with no weakness, Very Fine.

MEHRABANID: 'Izz al-Din Karman, 1352-1382, AV tanka (11.02g), Nimruz, AH7xx, A-2358, bold strike, choice Extremely Fine, R.

MEHRABANID: 'Izz al-Din Karman, 1352-1382, AV tanka (10.92g) (Nimruz), AH7(68), A-2358, Extremely Fine, R.

MEHRABANID: Qutb al-Din Muhammad 'Ali, 1404-1419, AR tanka (5.31g), Nimruz, AH810, A-2363, some weakness as always, but full mint, date and all the important names and titles of the king, Very Fine, RR.

TIMURID: Sultan Mas'ud, 1494-1500, AR tanka (4.48g), NM, ND, A-2457, countermarked on type #2432.3 of Sultan Husayn, Herat 896, AVF on strong Fine, RR.

TIMURID (MUGHAL): Sulayman Mirza, 1529-1584, AV ¼ ashrafi (0.92g), , ND, A-2464, Very Fine.

TIMURID (MUGHAL): Shahrukh III, 1575-1579, AV ¼ ashrafi (0.91g), , ND, A-2466, with the title badi' al-zaman, Extremely Fine, RR.

TIMURID (MUGHAL): Shahrukh III, 1575-1579, AV ¼ ashrafi (0.93g), , ND, A-2466, lovely strike, Extremely Fine, RR.

SHIRVANSHAH: Farrukhsiyar, 1466-1500, AR tanka (4.94g), Shamakhi, ND, A-2471.1, mint name on both sides, Fine to Very Fine, Zeno-88056.

QARA QOYUNLU: Iskandar, 1420-1438, AR tanka (4.62g), NM, ND, A-2492, countermarked man iltaja'a illa al-haqq naja, "he who takes refuge in the Truth (God) is saved", in a plain rectangle, on type #2470 of the Shirvanshah ruler Khalil Allah I, VF on Fine, R.

AQ QOYUNLU: Anonymous, ca. 1500, AR tanka (4.06g), NM, ND, A-2564.10, countermarked mubarak (bad?) in an unusual border, on type #2523 of Ya'qub, Sari mint, undated, Extremely Fine, R.

OTTOMAN OCCUPATION: Ahmad III, 1703-1730, AR abbasi (5.31g), Tabriz, AH1115, A-2707, NP-530, overstruck on type #2683.2 of the Safavid ruler Husayn, probably mint of Isfahan (partially legible) with undetermined date, Extremely Fine, RR.

OTTOMAN OCCUPATION: Ahmad III, 1703-1730, AR abbasi (5.37g), Revan (Yerevan), AH1115 (frozen), A-2708, nice strike, Fine, R.

SAFAVID: Isma'il I, 1501-1524, AV ashrafi (3.32g), Ardabil, AH927, A-2569, Fine to Very Fine, R.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV ¼ mithqal (1.12g), Shiraz, AH"239", A-2592, date probably intended for AH938 or perhaps 963 (in which case it would be type #O2593, which seems better for the style & calligraphy), choice Very Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV ¼ mithqal (0.93g), Herat, ND, A-O2593, nice strike, strong Very Fine.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV ¼ mithqal (1.12g), Mashhad, AH960, A-O2593, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV ¼ mithqal (1.16g), Sabzawar, AH966, A-O2593, Extremely Fine, R, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV ¼ mithqal (1.15g), Yazd, AH969, A-O2593, nice example with full mint & date, Very Fine, R.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV ½ mithqal (1.15g), Yazd, AH970, A-O2593, lovely struck, well-centered, bold Very Fine.

SAFAVID: Muhammad Khudabandah, 1578-1588, AV ½ mithqal (2.30g), Yazd, DM, A-2617.1, date weak, probably (98)6, with the 6 reasonably clear, Very Fine, R.

SAFAVID: 'Abbas I, 1588-1629, AV heavy ashrafi (3.82g), Mashhad, ND, A-2629, somewhat crudely struck, Extremely Fine.

SAFAVID: Safi I, 1629-1642, AR 2 shahi (3.75g), Baghdad, ND, A-2639.1, much rarer than the abbasi (=4 shahis) of Baghdad for this ruler, Fine to Very Fine, RR. Unevenness of flan caused by the metal having begun to solidify before hitting the water, in the manner planchets were manufactured in Iran, roughly 16th-19th centuries.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp II, 1722-1732, AR abbasi (4.83g), Qazwin, AH1135, A-2689.1, superb strike, choice Extremely Fine.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp II, 1722-1732, AR abbasi (5.37g), Lahijan, AH1138, A-2689.1, choice Extremely Fine.

HOTAKI: Azad Khan, 1750-1757, AR abbasi (4.60g), Isfahan, AH1170, A-2729, lovely strike on broad flan, choice Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RR.

AFSHARID: Nadir Shah, 1735-1747, AR rupi (11.41g), Sind, year 7, A-2744.1, cleaned Very Fine, RR, ex. William F. Spengler.

AFSHARID: Nadir Shah, 1735-1747, AR rupi (11.44g), Sind, ND, A-2744.1, 2 testmarks on reverse, Fine to Very Fine, R.

AFSHARID: Nadir Shah, 1735-1747, AR rupi (11.53g), Bhakkar, AH1155, A-2744.2, single test mark and couple minor scratches, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, ex. William F. Spengler.

AFSHARID: Shahrukh, 1st reign, 1748-1750, AR rupi (11.56g), Shiraz, AH1162, A-2774, very rare mint for this otherwise common type, Extremely Fine, RRR.

ZAND: Karim Khan, 1753-1779, AV ¼ mohur (2.71g), Kashan, AH1187, A-2791, Extremely Fine.

ZAND: Karim Khan, 1753-1779, AV ¼ mohur (2.72g), Qazwin, AH1184, A-2791, Very Fine.

ZAND: Karim Khan, 1753-1779, AV ¼ mohur (2.70g), Tabriz, AH1188, A-2792, type D (kalima instead of the usual Zand couplet), Extremely Fine.

ZAND: Karim Khan, 1753-1779, AR abbasi (4.47g), Kirman, ND, A-2800, lovely strike, Extremely Fine, R. Most coins of Karim Khan from the rare Kirman mint are undated.

ZAND: Karim Khan, 1753-1779, AR abbasi (4.32g), Yazd, AH1186, A-2800, special presentation issue, well centered on unusually broad flat, ex-mount, lovely strike, Very Fine, RRR. This is much broader and handsomely made than the usual abbasis of this type struck at Yazd in 1186. As a presentation issue, it was intended to be mounted, as this piece once was.

ZAND: 'Ali Murad Khan, 1781-1785, AV ½ mohur (2.39g), Rasht, AH1197, A-2815, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

ZAND REBELS: Taqi Khan Bafqi, 1785-1787, AV ¼ mohur (2.66g), Yazd, ND, A-A2826, some weakness as usual, with rosette replacing ya karim at the top of the reverse, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV toman (6.06g), Rasht, AH1216//1216, A-2859, type S1, Very Fine, R.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV toman (6.17g), Rasht, AH1213//1214, A-2859, some weakness, very clear mint & date, Very Fine.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV toman (4.61g), Burujird, AH1236, A-2865, type W, ornate reverse arrangement with mint epithet dar al-surur, Extremely Fine, R.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV toman (4.59g), Yazd, AH1233, A-2865, bold strike, without any weakness, About Uncirculated.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV toman (4.61g), Yazd, AH1233, A-2865, KM-753.13, bold strike, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV toman (4.59g), Yazd, AH1235, A-2865, type W, lightly crinkled, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV keshvarsetan (3.43g), Tehran, AH124x, A-2870, Very Fine, S.

QAJAR: Muhammad Shah, 1837-1848, AV toman (3.44g), Isfahan, AH1256, A-2904, type S, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

QAJAR: Muhammad Shah, 1837-1848, AV toman (3.37g), Tabriz, AH1255, A-2904, Very Fine, ex. Robert Pelletreau collection.

QAJAR: Muhammad Shah, 1837-1848, AV toman (3.42g), Tehran, AH1256, A-2904, with mint epithet Dar al-Khilafa, Extremely Fine.

QAJAR: Muhammad Shah, 1837-1848, AV toman (3.38g), Tehran, AH1256, A-2904, slightly crinkled, lovely full strike, Very Fine.

QAJAR: Nasir al-Din Shah, 1848-1896, AV toman (3.00g), Tabriz, AH1265, A-2921, lightly clipped, bold strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

QAJAR: Nasir al-Din Shah, 1848-1896, AV toman (3.46g), Hamadan, AH1273, A-2921, lovely design, well struck, Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, S.

QAJAR: Nasir al-Din Shah, 1848-1896, AV toman (3.42g), Tabaristan, AH1280, A-2921, slightly off center, bold strike, About Uncirculated.

QAJAR: Nasir al-Din Shah, 1848-1896, AR qiran (5.21g), Kirman, AH1269, A-2927, choice strike for this rare mint, with epithet Dar al-Aman, Extremely Fine, R.

SHAYBANID: 'Abd Allah II, 1583-1598, AV mithqal (4.49g), Herat, ND, A-2992, style derived from the contemporary gold coins of the Safavid ruler Isma'il I, but with Sunni reverse, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, RR.

SHAYBANID: 'Abd Allah II, 1583-1598, AV ¼ mithqal (0.91g), , AH1004, A-2994, minor weakness, rare with full legible date, Extremely Fine, R.

SHAYBANID: 'Abd Allah II, 1583-1598, AV ¼ mithqal (0.96g), NM , ND, A-2994, four-petal flower on top of the obverse field, Extremely Fine. The ¼ mithqal should theoretically always weigh about 1.15g, but the Badakhshan type is always in the range of 0.90-0.97 grams, thus a local currency not related to the Central Asian mithqal. It is perhaps 1/12 gold tanka of the Mughals in India, which would normally weigh about 0.92g.

MANGHIT OF BUKHARA: Haidar, 1800-1826, AV tilla (4.55g), Bukhara, AH1234//1234, A-3030.1, in the name of his grandfather Amir Daniyal and father Ma'sum Ghazi (= Shah Murad), both deceased, die-break above the L of daniyal, Extremely Fine.

MANGHIT OF BUKHARA: Haidar, 1800-1826, AV tilla (4.57g), Bukhara, AH1233, A-3030.2, final digit of date unclear on obverse (could be 2, 3, or 4), full date boldly clear on reverse, lovelly Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

MANGHIT OF BUKHARA: Muzaffar al-Din, 1860-1886, AV tilla (4.55g), Bukhara, AH1289//1289, A-3038, KM-65, bold strike, choice Very Fine.

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR rupee (11.52g), Dera, AH1170 year 10, A-3092, KM-313, bold strike, lovely Extremely Fine. This mint still listed in KM as Zwickau!

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR rupee (11.52g), Derajat, AH1170, A-3092, KM-348.1, "7" recut over "8", thus 1180 changed to 1170, typical coarse calligraphy of AH1170, superb bold strike, choice Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, R.

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR rupee (11.51g), Dar al-Aman Multan, AH1170 year 9, A-3092, Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR rupee (11.45g), Multan, AH1166 year 5, A-3092, KM-643, 2 modest testmarks, nice Very Fine.

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR rupee (11.33g), Peshawar, year one (ahad), A-3092, KM-693, first year of the Afghan occupation of Peshawar, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR rupee (11.48g), Shahjahanabad, AH1170 year 11, A-3092, superb bold strike, choice Extremely Fine. Struck during Ahmad's first invasion of Shahjahanabad (Delhi).

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, as Nizam, 1757-1772, AR rupee (11.52g), Dera, AH1170 year one (ahad), A-3097, KM-318, bold strike, Extremely Fine, RR.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, 1757-1772, AR rupee (11.55g), Dera, AH1170 year one (ahad), A-3097, KM-318, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, as Nizam, 1757-1772, AR rupee (11.5g), Multan, AH1172 year 2, A-3097, KM-652.1, Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, as Nizam, 1757-1772, AR rupee (11.54g), Sind, AH1171 year one (ahad), A-3097, KM-772, nice strike, perhaps the finest Taimur Shah example of Sind I have ever seen, Extremely Fine, RR.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, 1772-1793, AV mohur (10.80g), Ahmadshahi, ND, A-3099, nice strike, Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, 1772-1793, posthumous issue, AR rupee (10.97g), Sind, AH1248, A-A3104, KM-19, clear date, unpublished, this type listed in KM as AH1239-1245 only, blackened & lightly scraped, pleasing specimen, About Very Fine, RRR.

DURRANI: Shah Zaman, 1793-1801, AR rupee (10.95g), Derajat, AH1211 year 2 (sic), A-3108, KM-358, the year number "2" is possibly a retrograde "6", which would be more appropriate for AH1211, Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Zaman, 1793-1801, AR rupee (10.96g), Derajat, ND, A-3108, KM-638, bold strike, choice Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated.

DURRANI: Shah Zaman, 1793-1801, AR rupee (11.03g), Derajat, AH1212 year 7, A-3108, KM-358, 1 testmark, choice Very Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Zaman, 1793-1801, AR rupee (11.46g), Ahmadshahi, AH1214 year 8, A-3108A, 1 testmark, extra marginal legend on obverse, lovely strike, Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1803, AR rupee (10.98g), Derajat, AH1217 year 2, A-3115, KM-363, nice Very Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1803, AR rupee (10.92g), Derajat, AH1217, A-3115, some minor adhesions, very clear date, Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (11.02g), Derajat, AH 1218 year one (ahad), A-3122, KM-368, Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (10.90g), Derajat, AH1218, A-3122, KM-368, 2 small testmarks, Very Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (11.04g), Kashmir, AH1219 year 2, A-3122, gorgeous strike, beautifully centered, choice Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (10.94g), Derajat, AH 12xx year 6, A-3122, KM-368, Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (10.90g), Derajat, AH 1220, A-3122, KM-368, without regnal year, superb bold strike, Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (10.94g), Derajat, AH1220 year 3, A-3122, KM-368, nice strike, bold Very Fine.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (10.89g), Derajat, AH 1221 year 5, A-3122, KM-368, Very Fine, R.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (11.40g), Peshawar, AH1223, A-3122, KM-722, lovely strike, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 1803-1809/2nd reign, AR rupee (10.92g), Derajat, AH1223 year 5, A-3122, KM-368, 1 testmark on reverse, very clear date, Very Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AR rupee, Derajat, AH1232, A-3131, KM-373, Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AR rupee (10.94g), Kashmir, AH1230 year 7, A-3131.2, KM-591, lovely strike, choice Very Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AR rupee (10.75g), Kashmir, AH1232 year 10, A-3131.2, KM-591, lovely strike, choice Very Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AR rupee (10.55g), Peshawar, AH1233 year 10, A-3131A, bold strike, lovely Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AR rupee (10.64g), Peshawar, AH1232 year 8, A-3131A, Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AR rupee (10.58g), Peshawar, AH1232 year 9, A-3131A, KM-728, beautiful strike, choice Very Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AR rupee (10.67g), Peshawar, AH1231 year 8, A-3131A, KM-728, minor weakness near the rim, Very Fine.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1809-1817, AE falus (11.64g), Peshawar, AH1232 year 8, A-3133, KM-726, very clear mint & date, Very Fine, RR.

DURRANI: Ayyub Shah, 1817-1829, AR rupee (10.47g), Peshawar, AH(12)37 year 4, A-3135, KM-733, bold strike, especially on obverse, choice Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Ayyub Shah, 1817-1829, AR rupee (10.52g), Peshawar, AH1242 year 9, A-3135, KM-733, nice strike, attractive Extremely Fine.

DURRANI: Ayyub Shah, 1817-1829, AR rupee (10.59g), Peshawar, AH1234 year one (ahad), A-3135, KM-733, superb strike, on unusually broad flan, choice Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1829, AR rupee (11.06g), Bahawalpur, AH1240 year 40 (sic), A-C3142, KM-263, lovely bold strike, choice Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1829, AR rupee (11.13g), Bahawalpur, AH124(0) year 40 (sic), A-C3142, KM-263, superb bold strike, choice Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1829, AR rupee (11.09g), Bahawalpur, year 44, A-C3142, KM-263, no date on obverse, the 44 on reverse either an abbreviation of AH1244 (most likely) or a pseudo-regnal year of 44, obverse struck from worn die, Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1829, AR rupee (11.05g), Bahawalpur, AH1249//1244 (sic), A-C3142, KM-263, lovely bold strike, postumous issue, choice Extremely Fine to About Uncirculated, R. The reverse date has "12" below julus and "44", with the final 4 recut from 3, above the word sana, which is usually reserved for the regnal year.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1829, AR rupee (11.06g), Bahawalpur, AH1249, A-C3142, KM-263, date on obverse only, the reverse date or regnal year replaced by a flower, minor weakness, bold mint & date, posthumous issue, Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1829, AR rupee (11.05g), Bahawalpur, AH1250//1250, A-C3142, KM-263, bold strike, posthumous issue, lovely Extremely Fine, R.

DURRANI: Mahmud Shah, 1801-1829, AR rupee (11.02g), Bahawalpur, AH1250//[12]51, A-C3142, KM-263, boldly clear dates, superb strike, posthumous issue, About Uncirculated, RRR. The year 1251 has not previously reported. Later in 1251, the local Nawabs of Bahawalpur replaced the posthumous type of the Durrani ruler Mahmud Shah with the anonymous design they would subsequently strike for more than 30 years.

SADOZAI: Sa'id Muhammad Khan, 1851-1855, AR ½ rupee, Herat, AH1270, A-3156, KM-A406, About Extremely Fine, R.

BARAKZAI: 'Abd al-Rahman, 1880-1901, AR rupee (9.30g), "Kabul", AH1304//1303, A-3180var, KM-805, machine struck at the Birmingham mint as a pattern, but a reasonably large quantity fell into circulation, lovely Very Fine, R.

BARAKZAI: 'Abd al-Rahman, 1880-1901, AR nazarana rupee (8.77g), Kabul, AH1298//1298, A-3180A, KM-545, standard type as A-3180 but struck on thinner and broader planchet, ex-mount, as one would expect for a nazarana rupee presented in honor, About Very Fine, RRR. Previously unreported date for this type.

CIVIC COPPER: Anonymous, 15th-16th century, AE fals (8.55g), Mardin, ND, A-3206, bird left, ornate floral design around, Very Fine.

CIVIC COPPER:AE falus (5.35g), Nimruz, AH"809", A-A3209, mint on obverse, in fancy border, date and term 'adl-i shahi on reverse, some weakness, first example of this type that I've ever seen, About Very Fine, RRR. The date appears as 809 on this piece. The consignor interpreted this as an anonymous issue of the Mehrabanid ruler, but the Mehrabanid type dated AH809 always bears the name of the ruler, Qutb al-Din Muhammad b. 'Ali. This piece bears the phrase 'adl-i shahi, which was introduced by the Safavids, nearly a century after the death of Muhammad b. 'Ali. The date is perhaps 908 retrograde, 980 or 989, the last two most likely.

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (8.95g), Kabul, AH1234, A-3239, KM-56var, obverse has mint epithet dar al-sultana overlapping two swords, reverse has mint name and date in concave octagon, superb strike, bold Very Fine to Extremely Fine, R.

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (10.08g), Kabul, AH1269, A-3239, KM-72, flower between swords, lovely strike, Very Fine, R. The date on both this piece and the example illustrated in KM, both have a clear date 1256, not 1257 or 1258 as listed by KM.

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (7.95g), Peshawar, AH1248, A-A3253, inscriptions only, mint name repeated on both sides, very clear date, Very Fine, RRR. Peshawar was under the authority of Sultan Muhammad Tila'i, who struck anonymous silver rupees AH1247-1250 and did not recognize the Barakza'i chief, Dost Muhammad Khan. Early in AH1250 Peshawar was conquered by the Sikhs. Dost Muhammad Khan briefly seized Peshawar and struck copper coins there in AH1265, but lost it to the British later that year.

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (4.79g), Qandahar, AH1290, A-3253, KM-94, British crown within wreath, struck during 2nd British-Afghan war, date intended for AH1296, with retrograde 9, choice Very Fine, R.

CIVIC COPPER:AE falus (4.83g), Qandahar, AH1052, A-3253, peacock walking left, holding worm in its beak, Very Fine, RR.

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (3.00g), Shamakhi, AH1192, A-3261, sword between two floral ornaments, very clear mint & date, Fine to Very Fine, RR, Zeno-88059. Struck during the reign of the local Shirvanshahi ruler Fath 'Ali Khan, 1180-1203 / 1766-1788.

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (8.50g), Tiflis, AH113x, A-3270, KM-15.1, peacock right / text, pleasing Fine, R.

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (7.30g), Yazd, AH1186, A-3272, lovely ornate picture of a lion attacking an ibex, clear mint & date, Very Fine.