MEXICO, Mexico City, 3 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Rincón, three bars denomination, extremely rare, NGC XF 40, ex-Angert. Nesmith-5d type/5d; Cal-114; S-M1; KM-14. 10.09 grams. This gem checks off all the boxes for the discerning collector: rarity, quality and pedigree. It is one of only a few examples of non-salvaged, problem-free 3 reales, and one of only four to be straight-graded by NGC. Its rarity cannot be understated, especially in comparison to the type with three dots for the denomination. This coin's pedigree is similarly impressive, once residing in Francisco J. Angert’s collection, which Robert Nesmith studied and mentioned specifically in his landmark reference on coinage of this period, The Coinage of the First Mint of the Americas at Mexico City: 1536-1572, published in 1955. In fact, it appears on page 68 as another example of Nesmith’s 5d (the other being in the National History Museum in Mexico). In August 1972 this coin sold in an Almanzar auction to a prominent south Texas collector, Pat Pace, and from there became part of the Paul Karon collection that was auctioned by Superior in December 1992 (lot 141). Several other examples reside in museums or permanent collections but are missing in many prominent collections, another testament to its rarity. Note that below the pillars is a Gothic R for the initial of the first assayer of the Mexico City mint, Francisco del Rincón, whose tenure lasted just two years, from 1536 to 1538. The 3 reales coins were some of the earliest emissions from the mint, and this three-bar type was apparently minted after the three-dot type, according to Robert Nesmith. A Gothic R is also used in the pillars legend, while there is a prominent Latin M at the end of INDIARVM on the pillars side (which interestingly does not contain ? as seen in IOhA?A in the shield-side legend). Gothic m’s for the mintmark flanking either side of the shield are used throughout Rincón’s tenure. The letters A, O, L, V, and D are Latin instead of Gothic, with the last-mentioned created from a Latin O and a Gothic I punch. All in all, these coins are a mixture of original Gothic punches and Latin (sometimes crude) substitutes once the Gothic punches wore out. Given the number of different dies from this time period, it’s probable that dies wore out quickly. Matching its pedigree, this coin has rich old toning, full details including legends, just a bit weakly struck just above the centers. Its return to the market now is a rare opportunity. Pedigreed to the F.J. Angert Collection (Guatemala) and to the Paul Karon Collection (Superior auction of December 1992, lot 141), also Plate Coin on page 34 of Paoletti's 8 Reales Cobs of Potosí (3rd edition, 2016), earlier sold in the Almanzar auction of August 1972 (lot 2220). Please use this link to verify the certification number The Rincón Three Reales of Mexico Charles-Joanna by Cori Sedwick Downing (Updated May 2025)

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to left, mintmark oM/O to right (L-oM/O), rare, ex-Hubbard. Nesmith-94 for type; Cal-136; S-M9; KM-18. 13.61 grams. Richly rainbow-toned XF with full legends and inner details, the pillars side slightly off-center and with diagonal scratch (old), first we have seen of this over-assayer type. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark M to left (M-L), ex-Hubbard. Nesmith-84d; Cal-72; S-M9; KM-9. 3.33 grams. Broad flan with full legends and inner details, semi-lustrous AU- with weaker spots across centers, traces of rainbow toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag. (Note: Printed catalog calls this a 2R in error.)

MEXICO, Mexico City, copper 4 maravedís, Charles-Joanna, no assayer (period of assayer G), king's name as CHAROLVS. Nesmith-6; Cal-26; KM-unl. 6.04 grams. Broad flan extending past outer border in places, full inner details (save for a couple weak spots), VF with typical light surface corrosion, odd diagonal surface crack across lion, lots of copper color with a few spots of dark toning.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, solid-dot stops in obverse legend, cinquefoil stops in reverse legend, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-43; Cal-661. 27.14 grams. Attractively toned XF with full and well-detailed but slightly doubled shield and cross-lions-castles, much legend including most of PHILIPPVS•II• and (on the other side) ET flanked by cinquefoils, bold denomination 8 to right and full but doubled oMO to left, popular type as once believed to be the first "crown" of Mexico. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 26.95 grams. Richly old-toned AXF with excellent full cross-lions-castles and shield with clear oMF to left and denomination 8 to right, parts of legend visible including with GRATIA and boxy x-shaped stops, two hairline edge-splits. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), NGC XF 45, ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 27.38 grams. Broad flan with partially flat peripheries yet some clear legend including GRATIA and boxy x-shaped stop after king's ordinal, bold full oMF, full but lightly struck shield and cross (the latter slightly off-center), richly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his original tag/envelope. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F, ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 27.34 grams. Beautifully toned XF with superb, well-centered and well-detailed full cross-lions-castles and shield with bold oMF to left, the legends all flat (except for part of king's ordinal III) due to uneven thickness (hence exact type uncertain), small thin part on edge slightly bent. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and to the Christensen auction of December 1959 (lot 676).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1611 F, N's for M's in legend, PCGS VF35, "top pop," ex-Rutherford. S-M17; KM-44.3; Cal-895. 27.41 grams. Choice full date flanked by typical boxy x-shaped stops, full oM (the assayer below and denomination on other side weaker), lightly toned, good full cross and shield despite flatness from uneven thickness yet with clear erroneous N's at the end of HISPANIARVM and INDIARVM. Pedigreed to the S.P. Rutherford Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer D (early 1630s), ex-Hubbard. S-M18a; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.30 grams. Urn-shaped flan of uneven thickness with full oMD in small letters, full but partially flat shield and cross (the latter with inward-curving "wings" on fleur-tips and characteristic round-bottom castles indicative of ca. 1632-3), nicely toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer D (early to mid-1630s). S-M18a; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.05 grams. Large barrel-shaped flan with much peripheral flatness due to uneven thickness, the shield and cross nevertheless full, with round-bottom castles but normal fleur-tips (ca. 1633-34), weak but certain oMD, non-toned Fine with minor edge-split.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (mid-1630s). S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.45 grams. Crude and unevenly thick urn-shaped flan with flat peripheries but nearly full shield (off-center) and good full cross with distinctively narrow, flat-base castles of 1636-37, Fine with deeply rainbow-toned reverse.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (late 1640s to early 1650s), ex-Hubbard. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.45 grams. Urn-shaped flan of varying thickness, with bold full oMP, good full shield and cross, the latter with round-bottom castles characteristic of 1649-54, flat peripheries, nicely toned Fine with edge-split. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1653 P, with chopmark and test-cuts from circulation in Asia. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-1356. 27.45 grams. Unevenly thick flan with blunted points on edge, bold full date, clear denomination 8, full but weaker shield and cross, the latter with one deep, round, chopmark, plus two light test-cuts on edge, overall Fine, lightly toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, (1666) G/P, rare, NGC VF details / cleaned. S-M19a; KM-45; Cal-1375. 27.25 grams. Broad, odd-shaped flan with blunted points and much peripheral flatness, some cross, off-center shield with fairly clear G/P to left and king's ordinal •IIII• in legend, no toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1676 G, extremely rare. S-M20; KM-46; Cal-637. 27.07 grams. Crazy large triangular flan with one tip bent, mostly flat and weakly struck (also with surface porosity and encrustation, AVG overall, with dark patches) yet with weakly visible 676 of date outside of mintmark oM.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible (L, 1702-5), very odd shape, ex-Hubbard. S-M21a; KM-47; Cal-Type 170. 26.48 grams. Basically a 2½"-long thin rectangle with ½" protrusion on one side in middle (with old hole there), mostly flat and weak (toned VG) yet with remarkably bold PHILIP(PVS) and denomination 8, plus one full castle and lion of a distinctive pre-assayer J style, very eye-catching and interesting. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, (1714) J, new-style obverse, old-style reverse, ex-Hubbard. S-M22; KM-47; Cal-1401. 26.81 grams. A bit worn (About Fine) but with decent detail including full oMJ, most of off-center shield (with odd extra metal in center, as made) and full cross-lions-castles (good for studying the last of the "old-style" punches), lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1724 (D), extremely rare. S-unl; KM-unl (47 for Type); Cal-unl (Type 170). 26.26 grams. Indescribable shape with much flatness but clear 4 and base of 2 of date visible, confirmed as Philip V by the "floating" rectangle for Austria in the shield, bold oM mintmark, one nice lion in partial cross, toned About Fine with some golden red color on fields.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip V, assayer R (1729-30), ex-Hubbard. S-M24; KM-47a; Cal-Type 170. 27.09 grams. Curiously roundish flan with bold full oMR, nearly full shield and cross (both well centered), richly toned Fine with flat and beveled peripheries (as made). Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1731 F, ex-Hubbard. S-M26; KM-47a; Cal-1425. 26.32 grams. Somewhat rectangular flan with good full cross, bold full date and oMF, About Fine with patchy toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.73 grams. Broad flan with mostly bold legends (some flat) including full king's name rendered as PHILPPVS due to doubling, choice full shield with oMO to left, good full crown and cross-lions-castles, lightly rainbow-toned AU-. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.43 grams. Choice broad flan with 100% full and bold legends, also nice full shield and cross (no flatness or doubling), full oMO, toned AVF with sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, ex-Hubbard, ex-Sundstrom. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.08 grams. Broad flan with choice full crown and much legend, bold oMO, well-detailed but slightly doubled full shield, good full cross-lions-castles, toned XF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and to the Birger Sundstrom Collection (Christensen auction of December 1959, lot 662).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.55 grams. Toned VF+ with good full shield and cross-lions-castles, full oMO, some legend and nearly full crown, part of edge crude (as made). Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.52 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles and shield with bold oMO to left, full crown and nearly full legends including PHILIPPVS II, lightly toned XF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.72 grams. Round but slightly unevenly thick flan with some weak spots in otherwise full shield and cross-lions-castles, nearly full legends including bold king's ordinal II with figure-eight stops, XF with very light rainbow toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to right, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-506. 13.58 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles, well-detailed but slightly doubled full shield with bold full oMO to right (scarcer variety), nearly full crown and much legend despite some peripheral flatness, nicely toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to right, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-506. 13.67 grams. Excellent full cross-lions-castles and shield, full denomination o-iiii to left and oMO to right (scarcer variety), much legend including full PHILIPPVS, deeply rainbow-toned AU- with one small spot of residue. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-37.1; Cal-745. 13.50 grams. Bold full oMF (slightly doubled) to left of good full shield with full ordinal III in legend below, including boxy x-shaped ornaments, also with clear DEI GRA(TIA), full but slightly weaker cross-lions-castles, AVF with very light rainbow toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F, ex-Hubbard. 13.86 grams. Broad flan for the type but with flat peripheries, good full cross-lions-castles and shield but the latter slightly doubled, as is the full oMF to the left, lightly toned AVF with areas of green-gold residue on shield. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F, ex-Hubbard. 13.36 grams. Odd-shaped flan with nice full cross-lions-castles and shield with full oMF to left below clear bottom half of penultimate digit 1 of date, flat peripheries due to uneven thickness, lightly toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer D (ca. 1630), ex-Hubbard. S-M18a; KM-38; Cal-Type 275. 13.60 grams. Roundish AVF with full cross featuring exaggerated fleur-tips, full oMD and denomination 4 flanking nearly full shield, all well centered within flat peripheries ringed with rainbow toning, blunted points on edge. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Charles II, assayer G, neat shape, rare. S-M20; KM-39; Cal-Type 91. 13.28 grams. Squarish flan with tail in one corner, nearly full and well-detailed cross and shield with full assayer G to left (style of ca. 1668), lightly toned Fine with some old marks.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, 1732 F, ex-Hubbard. S-M26; KM-40a; Cal-1096. 13.40 grams. Very thick, squarish flan with well-centered full cross-lions-castles, full 732 of date above oMF to left of off-center shield, old-toned AVF with crudely plugged hole at top. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible (F), variety with three tiny castles in each quadrant, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-unl (32.1 for type); Cal-unl (Type 125). 6.83 grams. Off-center Fine+ with flat peripheries but good full shield and cross, the latter clearly exhibiting the strange castle variety that occurred for 1 and 2 reales only, lightly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer F, quadrants of cross transposed, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-unl (32.1 for type); Cal-unl (Type 125). 6.70 grams. Odd-shaped flan with thick protrusion, full shield and cross despite flat areas, bold denomination II to right and clear assayer F to left, full HISPANIARVN (N instead of M) and figure-eight stops in legend, toned AVF with hairline edge-crack. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-32.1; Cal-610. 6.71 grams. Broad flan with choice full cross-lions-castles and shield (both well centered) with oMF to left inside clear bottom of GRATIA in legend, also with king's ordinal III and boxy x-shape stop visible, very lightly toned AXF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer A, ex-Hubbard. S-M16; KM-32.2; Cal-Type 126. 6.94 grams. Broad flan in a fat barrel shape (more like later issues) with good full cross and shield despite flat areas, clear oMA (possible A/F) and king's ordinal III with boxy x-shape stop in legend, lightly toned XF with sediment on fields. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 2 reales, 1730 R, ex-Hubbard. S-M24; KM-35a; Cal-795. 6.68 grams. Rhomboid flan with nearly full and well-detailed cross and shield, both well centered within flat peripheries, the latter with bold full oMR to left next to clear 173 of date, richly toned XF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left and assayer O to right, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-unl (26 for type); Cal-unl (Type 88). 3.19 grams. Choice and well-centered full cross-lions-castles and shield with clear oMO to left and O to right, legends mostly flat, lightly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer o (small) to right, mintmark oM to left, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-26; Cal-224. 2.82 grams. Good full cross (doubled on right side) and choice full shield with bold oM to left and o to right, nicely toned XF with minor edge-splits, some legend. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer O to right, mintmark oM to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-26; Cal-224. 3.41 grams. Choice example with 100% full inner details and legends, also nearly full crown, lightly toned AXF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), reverse struck from a ½-real die, unique, NGC AU 53. S-M12a; KM-27.1; Cal-482. 2.97 grams. Very bold strike on a broad flan, the full cross-lions-castles and shield exceptionally well detailed plus clear oMF and denomination I, also with part of GRATIA visible, the reverse legend (with figure-eight stop) complete as the smaller ½R design (first we have seen), richly toned all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1610/09, assayer not visible (F or F/A), ex-Hubbard. KM-27.2; Cal-Type 102. 3.22 grams. Very bold full 0/9 of date above mintmark oM, denomination I to right, good full shield and cross, lightly toned AVF with parts of edge slightly crude (as made). Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 163(?) D, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M18a; KM-28; Cal-Type 199. 3.28 grams. Full but off-center cross, nearly full shield with bold oMD (the o triple-punched) inside clear bottom of 163 of date, the final digit unclear (only 0, 1, 2, or 3 are possible, all of which are quite rare), nicely toned F/VF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1634 (P), very rare. S-M19; KM-unl (28 for type); Cal-unl (Type 199). 3.49 grams. Odd-shaped flan (squarish but with two rounded sides) with nearly full well-centered cross, clear bottom half of 34 of date above mintmark oM, lightly toned with some dark areas near edge, VG/AVF overall.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1658 P, struck from 2R dies, extremely rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M19; KM-unl (28 for type); Cal-708. 3.14 grams. Great full cross-lions-castles, bold oMP to left of nearly full shield, bottoms of all four digits of date visible, richly toned Fine+ with small edge-crack (odd-shaped flan), all details oversized as struck from 2R dies (exactly matching the single-known 2R example for that year). Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 166(?) G, rare, ex-Hubbard. 3.15 grams. Full oMG inside of clear 166 of date (last digit flat; if 6 or 7, then this is Philip IV posthumous, if 8 or 9, then this is Charles II; rare either way), nearly full and well-centered cross, lightly toned AVG. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1720 (J), very rare. S-M22; KM-30; Cal-486. 3.34 grams. Bold 20 of date, most of shield and cross, F/VG with very light toning.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1730 G/R, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M25; KM-unl (30 for type); Cal-unl (Type 77). 3.24 grams. Perfectly triangular flan with 100% full and bold 1730 date and G/R assayer, most of shield and nearly full cross, richly toned Fine. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1731/0 F, ex-Hubbard. S-M26; KM-unl (30 for type); Cal-498. 3.16 grams. Oblong flan with bold oM mintmark and 31 of date (rare so clear), full but slightly oxidized cross (rusty color), toned Fine overall. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, Philip II, assayer O to right, mintmark oM to left, no king's name in legend, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-20; Cal-126. 1.62 grams. Broad flan with most of legends (DEI) GRATIA HISP(A)N / + RVM ET INDIA(RVM RE)X with figure-eight stops, full but off-center cross-lions-castles (doubled at bottom only), choice full crown and monogram (well centered) with clear oM to left and O to right, toned AXF with some brown sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, Philip II, assayer F to right, mintmark oM to left, new monogram with retrograde L, S above middle, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M12; KM-20; Cal-131. 1.56 grams. Bold full crown and monogram with clear oM to left (just the top of the assayer to right visible), good full cross-lions-castles with curious figure-eight ornament after REX in legend, black-toned VF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, Philip III, assayers F-oD, with F at top left, oM at top right, and oD below monogram, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M14a; KM-20; Cal-132 (under Ph. II). 1.64 grams. Choice full monogram with bold full F, oM, and oD, full but off-center cross-and-tressure with some legend on that side, VF with light brown and black staining, edge-split, and hole through the crown. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1610 F, ex-Hubbard. S-M17; KM-21; Cal-393. 1.72 grams. Very choice full cross-lions-castles and monogram due to black oxidation around details, also bold full oM to left, assayer F to right, and fleur below monogram, full 0 of date in legend with possible evidence of under-digit (surprisingly common, but unknown with clean F versus F/A), lightly toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1616/5 F, extremely rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M17; KM-unl (21 for type); Cal-unl (Type 86). 1.72 grams. Nearly full 616/5 of date in legend (with edge-split on the last digit), good full monogram with oM to left and "E" punched over small F to right, good full cross, lightly toned VF with sediment in crevices, hole in crown. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1619/8/7 (D/F), very rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M18; KM-unl (21 for type); Cal-unl (Type 86). 1.68 grams. Clear date except for last digit (a double-overdate mess), bold full oM to left and *-fleur-* below full but partially weak monogram, full cross, Fine with crusty on fields and lots of fine scratches. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1622/1/0 D, extremely rare. S-M18a; KM-unl (22 for type); Cal-unl (Type 169). 1.59 grams. Messy but full 22 of date (the under-digits less certain), full assayer D to right of crude monogram (full crown above), most of cross, VG with old test-marks in edge.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1645 P, extremely rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M19; KM-unl (22 for type); Cal-unl (Type 169). 1.55 grams. Off-center strike resulting in full date consisting of a clear 164 and rather skinny 5 (less certain), full oMP, •fleur• below monogram, nearly full cross, richly toned Fine+. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1667 G, posthumous Philip IV, rare. S-M19a; KM-unl (22 for type); Cal-574. 1.43 grams. Oblong flan with very clear full oMG and 667 of date, most of monogram, good full cross (well centered), AVF with dark toning on fields.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1689 (L), rare. S-M21; KM-23; Cal-unl (Type 35). 1.16 grams. Small teardrop-shaped flan with very bold full 89 of date, nearly full cross, G/VG with lightly rainbow-toned fields.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1691 (L), rare. S-M21; KM-unl (23 for type); Cal-unl (Type 35). 1.73 grams. Clear bottom half of 691 of date, nearly full crown, well-centered full cross, VG.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1709 J, very rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M22; KM-24; Cal-218. 1.52 grams. Full 170 of date but last digit weak, full oMJ, well-centered full monogram, lightly toned Good with lots of green encrustation. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1720 (J), very rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M22; KM-24; Cal-229. 1.93 grams. Good full crown with clear 720 above, nearly full cross-lions-castles (slightly off-center), very lightly toned Fine. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1721 (J), very rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M22; KM-24; Cal-230. 1.66 grams. Rather off-center obverse with full 21 of date near center as a result, nearly full cross (only slightly off-center), VG with very light toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1724 (D), very rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M22a; KM-unl (24 for type); Cal-233. 1.53 grams. Clear bottom half of all four digits of date, full oM, most of monogram and crown, also nearly full cross-lions-castles, lightly toned Fine+. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, Louis I, 1725 (D), very rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M23; KM-25; Cal-7. 1.62 grams. Off-center obverse with still-bold monogram below full crown, above which is a weaker but clear 25 of date, also with clear (L)V- of the king's name, most of cross (also off-center) with some faint scratches on that side, overall AVF, lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1732/1 F, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M26; KM-24a; Cal-241. 1.60 grams. Bold full date above oM mintmark (the top of the under-digit I peeking above the 2), rest of obverse weaker, most of cross, very lightly toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1733 F, rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M26; KM-24a; Cal-244. 1.27 grams. Bold full oMF below 173 of date (last digit weaker but certain), good full cross, brown-toned AVF with dark oxidation. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1733 (F), rare, ex-Hubbard. S-M26; KM-24a; Cal-244. 1.09 grams. Small, pentagonal flan with full date and oM mintmark, messy full cross with golden residue on that side, otherwise toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSVL-T above denomination. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.09 grams. Bold full shield with small R to left, full crown above, and nearly full legends with HISP / NIARVM (very rare type), full but doubled pillars, VF deeply contrasting toning over porous surfaces.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (flat top) to left, *-oD to right, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census, ex-Viceroy of Toledo. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 27.40 grams. Superb full inner details and nearly full legends, with luster all over per the exceptional grade, no doubling and no interior flatness, the perfect coin for the grade-conscious connoisseur, with neat old pedigree to boot. Pedigreed to the Viceroy of Toledo Collection (Aureo auction of April 2007, lot 126), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, NGC AU details / cleaned. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 27.02 grams. Full flan with 100% full legends and crown and great full inner details, trivial doubling, interior flan-crack, traces of light toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 to left, *-oD to right. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 25.36 grams. Typically broad flan with full crown and most of legend including full PHILIPPVS, good full cross and shield, all a bit dark and corroded but still nice.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-ii to left, P-oD to right, PCGS AU55, finest known in PCGS census. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-338. Nice full cross and shield without doubling or flatness, full crown and some legend, muted luster, sediment in crevices, the highest graded by PCGS with only two finer at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob ¼ real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, unique mule struck with ½R obverse die with P to left, •D to right, star below monogram. S-L4; KM-unl (2 for type); Cal-unl (Type 56). 0.81 gram. Crazy muling error with choice full monogram on obverse and lion in crowned shield on reverse, small parts of legend visible, deeply toned AU details with very light surface porosity, the first and only example of this error we have ever seen or heard of, very important for the Peruvian and/or cuartilla specialist.

PERU, Lima, cob ¼ real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-oD flanking castle, *-P flanking lion. S-L4; KM-unl (2 for type); Cal-unl (Type 56). 0.47 gram. Bold full inner details and small parts of legend (enough to see that the king's name is on the lion side, opposite the norm), AU- details with surface porosity and some holes from corrosion, contrastingly toned.

PERU, Lima, cob ¼ real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, * to right of castle, P-* flanking lion. S-L4; KM-unl (2 for type); Cal-unl (Type 56). 0.67 gram. Broad flan for the type with much of king's name in legend around well-detailed full castle, the lion weaker and off-center, nicely toned VF.

PERU, Lima, cob ¼ real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-P flanking castle. S-L4; KM-2; Cal-102. 0.69 gram. Good full castle and lion and most of both crowns, deeply toned XF with slight surface porosity.

PERU, Lima, cob ¼ real, Philip II, assayer I to left, * to right of castle, rare. S-unl; KM-unl (2 for type); Cal-unl (Type 56). 0.37 gram. Good full castle with clear I to left and * to right (rare assayer Jacomé Bricanino, who Jorge Proctor revealed in 2022 was behind the non-sequential 1592 issue, all in ¼R), lion and crown above both full but a little corroded, overall XF, contrastingly toned.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1684 V, PCGS VF details / environmental damage. S-L6; KM-24; Cal-589. 27.17 grams. Full cross (slightly doubled) and pillars (slightly off-center, resulting in bold ANO between quatrefoils in legend), two bold dates and part of a third, all three mintmarks and assayers, some weak strike, low-contrast toning with patch of dark oxidation at edge on cross side. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1695 R. S-L12; KM-24; Cal-600. 27.26 grams. Bold full pillars-and-waves (slightly off-center) and cross-lions-castles, both with slight doubling at top (displaced crown / denomination), attractively toned AXF with minor edge-splits.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1698 H. S-L13; KM-24; Cal-605. 26.86 grams. Fine with patchy dark toning, full cross-lions-castles, full but slightly doubled pillars-and-waves, three mintmarks and two assayers.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1742 V. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1321. Choice full cross-lions-castles, the other side off-center and doubled but with one full pillar and date, partial second date in legend, third date below cross, lightly toned AU with areas of light surface corrosion.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1751 (R). S-L23; KM-44; Cal-449. 27.01 grams. Neatly pillow-shaped flan with typically flat and sloping peripheries but clear top half of date in two places (between pillars and below cross), deeply toned VF with tiny edge-split.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1752 R, rare. S-L23; KM-unl (44 for type); Cal-450. 27.07 grams. Thick and chunky flan (almost rectangular) with typically crude strike showing just the centers, the date clear nonetheless (desirable as the final issue of Lima cobs), technically XF or better but peripherally flat, lightly toned on fields.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer M/R, extremely rare. S-P2; KM-5.1; Cal-unl (Type 195). 27.34 grams. Broad flan with nearly full legends (including D,G,ISPANIARVM) and very choice full inner details, the shield and cross-lions-castles exceptionally bold and so well detailed as to be easily matched with Rincón dies, the M/R also very clear and bold (as are the mintmark and denomination), which is why this was the first 8 reales to be identified as such to establish physically that undocumented assayer M was definitively the second assayer of Potosí. AXF with toning around details, crudely holed at bottom of shield. It is worth noting that the obverse of Sellschopp-29 / Paoletti-49 is a die-match with this coin, but neither author recognized it as M/R.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period), "heavy" lions in cross, rare, NGC AU details / cleaned. S-P4; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.26 grams. Broad round flan ("Great Module") with choice full crown and legends including full PHILIPPVS, also choice full cross-lions-castles with distinctive lions (unique to this assayer and this period, Sellschopp-155, missing in Paoletti) and well-detailed full shield with P-B to left and o-VIII to right, minimal doubling, incipient toning in crevices. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer L/L/? (2nd period?), no H in HISPANIARVM, small crown, rare. KM-5.1; Cal-670. 27.01 grams. Very broad flan extending past the outer border in places, full legends with clear D,G,ISPANIARVM (like Sellschopp-53 et seq and Paoletti-56 but different dies), well-detailed full shield and crown (small variety) and (slightly doubled) cross-lions-castles, very clear P-L/L that is punched over a previous letter that is traditionally believed to be B but looks more like M on this example (which gibes with the fact that the tressure-dimples around the cross are deep, and aspect that changed with assayer B, hence also this issue could be from L's 1st period instead), lightly toned VF with traces of sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of October 1992, with original lot-tag 789.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer L/L/? (2nd period?), no H in HISPANIARVM, large crown, rare. KM-5.1; Cal-670. 24.75 grams. Similar to the previous lot but different dies, this with notably larger crown above the shield, also a very broad flan extending past the outer border in places, the legends full with particularly complete PHILIPPVS, full crown and shield and cross-lions-castles, bold P-L/L that is punched over a previous letter traditionally believed to be B but actually looks more like M (combined with deep tressure-dimples around the cross, hence possibly from 1st-period L instead), VF details with surface porosity and low weight.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (2nd period). S-P6; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.09 grams. Broad flan with full crown and lots of legend, choice full cross and shield, bold denomination o-VIII, assayer doubled, VF with darkly contrasting toning in crevices, punch-mark below cross, die-variety per Sellschopp-148 / Paoletti-66.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer C below erased B or B/L, rare. S-P5; KM-5.1; Cal-671. 27.28 grams. Exceptionally broad flan extending well past the outer border in places, nearly full legends and crown, choice full cross-lions-castles and shield (very well detailed) with bold P-erasure-C to left and o-VIII to right, AXF with toning in crevices, a mix of known dies (obverse of Paoletti-59 and reverse of Paoletti-60).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer C below erased B or B/L, rare. S-P5; KM-5.1; Cal-671. 18.98 grams. Small diameter due to loss of about 9 grams shaved from the edge, also with vertically shifted double-strike to left of shield rendering two C's (similar to lot 1102 of the "Americas" sale) that at various times has been considered a separate die variety but is actually the same Paoletti-59 obverse mixed with Paoletti-60 reverse as the prior lot, VF with dark toning in crevices on obverse only.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer C or B/C below erased B or B/L, rare. KM-5.1; Cal-Type 195. 26.09 grams. A previously unrecorded obverse die with details similar to known examples of B/C but the assayer unfortunately too weak to tell, a great coin otherwise with choice full crown and legends and inner details on an exceptionally broad flan that extends past the outer border in many places, VF+ with light sediment on fields.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B/C under erased B or B/L, very rare, ex-Sellschopp (Plate), Grunthal-Sellschopp Plate. S-P6; KM-5.1; Cal-unl (Type 195). 24.47 grams. Choice full inner details with very bold P-erasure-B/C (a traditional rarity) and denomination o-VIII, much bold legend and full crown despite some edge-loss due to rough jewelry removal, attractively toned VF with great pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, with original lot-tag 461) and Plate Coin 144 in his book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí 1568-1651 (1971), also Plate Coin 298 on page 139 of Grunthal-Sellschopp's The Coinage of Peru (1978).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (early 3rd period), ex-Sellschopp (Plate), Grunthal-Sellschopp Plate. S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.01 grams. Broad flan extending past the outer border in a couple places, with full crown and legends, choice full interior details including bold assayer that appears to be a makeshift B crafted from an S-punch, AXF with toning in crevices, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, with original lot-tag 486) and Plate Coin 156 in his book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí 1568-1651 (1971), also Plate Coin 307 on page 142 of Grunthal-Sellschopp's The Coinage of Peru (1978).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer not visible (style of early 3rd-period B). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 25.92 grams. Broad flan extending past the outer border in places, with lots of legend and nearly full crown, good full cross and shield but flat where the mintmark-assayer should appear, XF details with light surface corrosion, darkly toned in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (mid-3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 26.85 grams. Fine+ with choice full crown and much legend, full but centrally weak cross-lions-castles and shield with full P-B to left showing odd circular flaw on the bottom of the B that makes it look like it is over another letter (this particular part of 3rd period known for small or broken B's), contrastingly toned.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (late 3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.34 grams. Very well-detailed full shield and cross with distinctive style of castles with four windows(Sellschopp-182 / Paoletti-84), nearly full crown and some legend, XF with contrasting encrustation in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A, ex-Sellschopp (Plate). S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-674. 26.71 grams. Beautifully toned XF+ with choice full shield and cross-lions-castles, full P-A, interesting 180-degree double-strike on obverse manifest only in the legend, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, with original lot-tag 525) and Plate Coin 213 in his book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí 1568-1651 (1971).